开源生态在地理信息系统领域的发展研究与分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.05.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着信息技术飞速进步, 开源理念在各领域蓬勃兴起, 地理信息系统(Geographic Information System, GIS)也迎来开源浪潮. 构建开放协同、可持续繁荣的开源GIS生态, 有助于推动GIS技术创新、降低应用成本并促进领域发展. 旨在系统研究开源GIS生态建设方法与发展趋势, 工作内容分为4个方面: 梳理开源GIS的发展历程与当前技术的发展态势, 凝练出4个阶段的演进脉络; 基于GIS视角依托当前开源生态基础提出适用于GIS领域的多层次开源生态建设模式; 引入Hypercrx对8个代表性开源GIS项目的OpenRank、Activity、Contributors和Participants 4个指标进行量化分析与可视化, 揭示其影响力、活跃度和社区参与度的差异, 进而体现当前开源GIS生态发展态势; 总结开源GIS生态在社会认知、人才培养、治理机制、数据与软件协同及可持续商业模式等多方面的挑战, 展望大模型时代下的未来发展方向与领域研究热点.

关键词: 开源生态, 地理信息系统, 开源软件

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of information technology, the open source paradigm has become popular in multiple domains, including geographic information system (GIS). Developing an open, collaborative, and sustainable open source GIS ecosystem can promote GIS technology innovation, lower implementation costs, and foster development within the field. This study systematically investigates methods for developing an open source GIS ecosystem and its future trends, addressing four main aspects: ① reviewing the development history of open source GIS and the current technological landscape to refine a four-stage evolutionary framework; ② from a GIS perspective and based on the existing open source foundation, proposing a multi-layered ecosystem construction model specifically tailored to GIS; ③ introducing HyperCRX to perform quantitative analysis and visualization of four metrics—OpenRank, Activity, Contributors, and Participants—for eight representative open source GIS projects, thereby revealing differences in their influence, activity levels, and community engagement to reflect the current state of the ecosystem; and ④ summarizing the challenges faced by the open source GIS ecosystem in terms of public perception, talent cultivation, governance mechanisms, data–software coordination, and sustainable business models, as well as outlining future development directions and research hotspots in the era of large-scale models. It is hoped that this study will provide useful references for future research and practical applications.

Key words: open source ecosystem, geographic information system, open source software

中图分类号:

TP311

张雨昂, 谢忠, 邱芹军, 陶留锋. 开源生态在地理信息系统领域的发展研究与分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(5): 99-108.

Yuang ZHANG, Zhong XIE, Qinjun QIU, Liufeng TAO. Research and analysis of the development of the open source ecosystem in the field of geographic information system[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(5): 99-108.

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软件(发布年份)	发布者	语言支持	类型
GRASS(1982)	USA-CERL	C + +、Python	桌面GIS
MapWindow(1998)	MapWinGIS	C#‌	桌面GIS
GeoServer(2001)	GeoTools	Java	WebGIS
PostGIS(2001)	Paul Ramsey	Python、C/C + +	空间数据库
QGIS(2002)	QGIS	C + +、Python	桌面GIS
Geoda(2003)	Luc Anselin	C	桌面GIS
OpenStreetMap(2004)	Steve Coast	Java、JavaScript‌	WebGIS
MapServer(2005)	UMN	PHP、Python	WebGIS
OpenLayers(2005)	MetaCarta	JavaScript‌	WebGIS
MapBox(2010)	MapBox	JavaScript‌	WebGIS
QField(2010)	QGIS	JavaScript	移动GIS
CesiumJS(2011)	Analytical Graphics	JavaScript‌	WebGIS

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