华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (1): 156-167.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.015

• 流域生态诊断与应急管理 • 上一篇    

上海市环城绿带公园近岸水体福寿螺入侵现状与风险评价

余意1,2, 赵龙苑1,2, 黄民生1,2,*(), 邱长能1,2, 周耀1,2, 易阳阳1,2   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学 生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
    2. 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室, 太原　030009
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 接受日期:2025-10-26 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄民生 E-mail:shuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室建设期科研计划项目 (SWRFZYLY202502, SWRFZYLY202503); 上海市公共绿地中心项目

Invasion status and risk assessment of Pomacea canaliculata in nearshore waters of Shanghai’s circum-urban greenbelt parks

Yi YU1,2, Longyuan ZHAO1,2, Minsheng HUANG1,2,*(), Changneng QIU1,2, Yao ZHOU1,2, Yangyang YI1,2   

  1. 1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
    2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Prevention and Utilization, Taiyuan　030009, China
  • Received:2025-07-28 Accepted:2025-10-26 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Minsheng HUANG E-mail:shuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

为了掌握上海环城绿带公园近岸水体福寿螺 (Pomacea canaliculata) 的入侵现状和影响因素, 于2023—2024年对上海环城绿带公园近岸水体进行调查, 分析了福寿螺的时空分布和密度变化. 结果发现, 福寿螺主要分布于宝山区、普陀区、嘉定区、长宁区及浦东新区的公园水体中, 公园水体外源性输入与福寿螺密度有正相关性; 7—9月为福寿螺活动峰值期, 7—8月为产卵高峰期. 对上海环城绿带公园水体的福寿螺密度与环境因子之间的相关性进行了进一步解析, 结果表明, 水温是影响福寿螺分布、活动及繁殖的关键环境因子. 水温和气温与螺密度、卵密度呈正相关; 螺密度与电导率、浊度呈现正相关, 与沉水植物密度、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3–-N)呈现负相关; 卵密度与NO3–-N、溶磷(DP)呈现负相关, 与氨氮(NH3-N)呈正相关. 入侵程度以“零星发生”为主, 部分点位入侵程度甚至达到“严重发生”, 上海环城绿带公园亟需对福寿螺进行防控.

关键词: 福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata), 上海环城绿带, 入侵现状, 环境因子, 风险评价

Abstract:

To elucidate the invasion status and driving factors of channeled apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Shanghai’s circum-urban greenbelt park riparian waters, field surveys were conducted between 2023—2024. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed that invasion hotspots clustered in Baoshan, Putuo, Jiading, Changning, and Pudong districts, with snail density positively correlated with external hydrological connectivity. The population activity peaked in July—September, coinciding with an oviposition climax in July—August. Correlation analyses were conducted to identify the key environmental factors influencing snail distribution, activity, and reproduction; the results revealed that water temperature served as the pivotal driver. Specifically, both water temperature and air temperature exhibited a significant positive correlation with snail density and egg mass density. Snail density increased with the elevation of electrical conductivity and turbidity, but showed a decreasing trend with the increase in submerged macrophyte density, total nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen. Egg mass density declined as NO3–-N and dissolved phosphorus concentrations rose, but displayed a positive trend with the increase in ammonia nitrogen concentration. Invasion severity assessment classified most sites as “Occurrence”, whereas specific loci reached “Severe outbreak”. It is imperative that Shanghai’s Circum-urban Greenbelt Parks implement control measures against Pomacea canaliculata.

Key words: Pomacea canaliculata, circum-urban greenbelt of Shanghai, invasion status, environmental factors, risk assessment

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