一款面向室内定位与生命体征检测的多普勒辅助FMCW雷达

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文提出了一种多普勒辅助调频连续波 (FMCW) 雷达, 该雷达兼具FMCW的精确距离分辨能力和多普勒雷达的高灵敏度, 可满足室内场景的多功能应用需求. 论文对关键接收模块 (包括低噪声放大器、混频器、本地振荡器放大器和模拟基带电路) 产生的低频噪声贡献进行了全面分析. 提出了一种“射频+本振+基带”联合噪声系数改进方法, 以有效抑制低频噪声. 为了最大限度地减少基于电荷泵的分数N锁相环中的调频误差, 采用了一种嵌套型锁相环架构及协同优化的环路参数选择方法, 显著提高了啁啾线性度. 该多普勒辅助FMCW雷达采用55 nm 互补金属氧化物半导体工艺制造, 在10 Hz和1 kHz频率下, 分别实现了32 dB和12 dB的噪声系数, 并在3.52 GHz的啁啾带宽内, 实现了0.0039%的啁啾线性度, 从而实现最大检测距离为19.41 m和距离分辨率为4.7 cm. 该雷达芯片面积为12.7 mm², 在3.3 V电源电压下, FMCW模式功耗为594 mW, 多普勒模式功耗为432 mW.

关键词: 互补金属氧化物半导体, 雷达, 频率调制连续波, 多普勒

Abstract:

This paper presents a Doppler-assisted frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar that combines the precise range resolution capability of FMCW with the high sensitivity of Doppler radar, enabling versatile performance for indoor applications. A comprehensive analysis of low-frequency noise contributions from key receiver blocks, including the low-noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, local oscillator (LO) buffer, and analog baseband (ABB) circuits, is conducted. An “RF+LO+BB” joint noise figure (NF) improvement method is proposed to effectively suppress the low-frequency noise. To reduce frequency modulation (FM) error in charge-pump-based fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL), a nested-PLL architecture with a co-optimized loop parameter selection method is employed, resulting in significantly improved chirp linearity. Fabricated in a 55 nm CMOS technology, the proposed Doppler-assisted FMCW radar achieves NFs of 32 dB and 12 dB at 10 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively, and a chirp linearity of 0.0039% over a 3.52 GHz chirp bandwidth (BW), resulting in a maximum detection range of 19.41 m and a range resolution of 4.7 cm. The radar occupies a die area of 12.7 mm² and consumes 594 mW in FMCW mode and 432 mW in Doppler mode under a 3.3 V supply.

Key words: frequency-modulated continuous wave, Doppler, radar, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

中图分类号:

TN958.2

张愉沁, 张子桐, 张润曦. 一款面向室内定位与生命体征检测的多普勒辅助FMCW雷达[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(2): 128-138.

Yuqin ZHANG, Zitong ZHANG, Runxi ZHANG. A fully-integrated Doppler-assisted FMCW radar for indoor localization and vital sign sensing[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(2): 128-138.

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参考文献 28

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数据来源	工艺	模式	中心频率/GHz	发射功率/dBm	噪声系数/dB	相位噪声 @1 MHz/ (dBc/Hz)	RMS扫频线性度	芯片面积/mm²	功耗/mW
本文	55 nm CMOS	Doppler- assisted FMCW	24~27 (FMCW) 24(Doppler)	6.0	32 @ 10 Hz IF 12 @ 1 kHz IF	–89.69	0.0039% @ 12.5 MHz/μs 0.018% @ 40 MHz/μs	12.7	594 (FMCW) 432 (Doppler)
TMTT 2024 ^[22]	65 nm CMOS	FMCW	24	10.6	45 @ 10 kHz IF 13.5 @ 400 kHz IF	–80.00	0.11% @ 2.5 MHz/μs 0.355% @ 5 MHz/μs	8.4	407 (FMCW)
TMTT 2020 ^[4]	65 nm CMOS	Doppler	100	4.0				1.8	262 (Doppler)
JSSC 2020 ^[20]	65 nm CMOS	FMCW	79	13.4	15.3 @ 600 kHz IF	–93.43	0.003% @ 13.3 MHz/μs 0.11% @ 133 MHz/μs	7.3	921 (FMCW)
ISSCC 2020 ^[10]	65 nm CMOS	FMCW	77	11.8~14.5	12.2~20.2 @ 0.1-20 MHz IF	–90.00	0.008% @ 18 MHz/μs 0.32% @ 312.5 MHz/μs	33.6	3150 (FMCW)

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