南盘江—红水河流域梯级水库二氧化碳和甲烷的时空特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.03.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确喀斯特梯级水库温室气体排放的时空特征及其关键调控因素, 对南盘江—红水河流域4个具有不同水文调控特征的筑坝水库开展研究. 结果表明, 水库二氧化碳 (CO₂) 和甲烷 (CH₄) 浓度及扩散通量呈现显著的区域性特征. 流域CO₂和CH₄扩散通量分别为4.98~260.11 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹和0.01~0.27 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹, 其中CO₂扩散通量高于我国水库的平均水平. 通过对水库温室气体排放量进行估算, 发现流域系统温室气体总排放量呈现出明显的空间差异性. 水力负荷是调控南盘江—红水河流域筑坝河流温室气体排放的关键因素之一. 本研究对于全面理解喀斯特筑坝河流温室气体排放规律和控制机制具有重要意义, 能够为喀斯特水库碳排放评估以及碳减排管理提供理论支撑和数据借鉴.

关键词: 喀斯特流域, 梯级水库, 二氧化碳, 甲烷, 水力负荷

Abstract:

In order to understand the spatiotemporal characteristics and key regulatory factors of greenhouse gas emissions from karst cascade reservoirs, four dammed reservoirs with different hydrological regulation characteristics in the Nanpanjiang-Hongshui River Basin were studied. The results show significant regional characteristics of the carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) concentrations and emission fluxes from the reservoirs. The diffusive fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ in the watershed were 4.98~260.11 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹ and 0.01~0.27 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹, respectively, of which the CO₂ fluxes were higher than the average level of reservoirs in China. Estimation of the greenhouse gas emissions from the reservoirs indicated that the total greenhouse gas emissions of the basin system have clear spatial differences. Hydraulic load is the key factor regulating the greenhouse gas emission of karst dammed rivers in the Nanpanjiang-Hongshui River Basin. The CO₂ emission flux of reservoirs was found to decrease first and then increase with the increase of hydraulic load, and there is a correlation between hydraulic load and methane concentration in the reservoirs. This study is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the greenhouse gas emission law and control mechanism of karst dammed rivers and can provide theoretical support and data reference for carbon emission assessment as well as carbon reduction in the karst reservoirs.

Key words: karst basin, cascade reservoir, carbon dioxide, methane, hydraulic load

中图分类号:

X142

杨荣荣, 陈子彦, 吴仪, 侯立军, 梁霞. 南盘江—红水河流域梯级水库二氧化碳和甲烷的时空特征[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(3): 1-16.

Rongrong YANG, Ziyan CHEN, Yi WU, Lijun HOU, Xia LIANG. Spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon dioxide and methane in cascade reservoirs in the Nanpanjiang-Hongshui River Basin[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(3): 1-16.

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水库名称	运行年份	流域面积^#/ km²	水库面积/ km²	水库长度/ km	水库容量^#/ (10⁸ m³)	水力停留时间^#/d	最大水深^#/ m	入库流量^#/ (m³· s^–1)	泄流量^#/ (m³· s^–1)	水力负荷/ (m·d^–1)	调节类型
柴石滩	2002	4556	9.11	38	4.37	104.25	60	31.5	48.4	0.39	年调节
龙滩	2009	98500	41.83	72	272.70	192.53	140	1777.8	1639.4	0.48	年调节
岩滩	1995	106580	55.09	55	33.50	22.03	55	1464.6	1760.0	1.54	月调节
大化	1986	112200	4.62	20	9.64	5.61	25	1796.8	1990.0	7.84	日调节

关键参数	参数值	数值范围	n
WT/℃	22.00±3.57	13.28, 29.54	80
DO 浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	6.88±2.92	0.02, 18.25	80
Chl-a 含量/(μg·L⁻¹)	7.44±12.45	2.13, 71.98	66
DOC 浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	1.71±0.92	0.93, 4.48	80
Ca²⁺浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	50.94±7.25	30.92, 63.64	80
TP浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	0.03±0.02	0.01, 0.14	80
TN浓度/(mg·L⁻¹)	2.70±1.56	0.97, 7.40	80
CO₂浓度/(μmol·L⁻¹)	179.79±178.74	28.48, 776.77	64
CH₄浓度/(μmol·L⁻¹)	0.88±6.12	0.01, 54.05	79
CO₂扩散通量/(mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹)	61.08±65.51	4.98, 260.11	28
CH₄扩散通量/(mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹)	0.05±0.05	0.01, 0.27	37

水文地质状态	水库名称	CO₂/(10³ t·a⁻¹)	CH₄/(t·a⁻¹)	CO_2eq/(10³ t·a⁻¹)
筑坝前	柴石滩	4.98	5.30	5.11
	龙滩	24.70	21.63	25.24
	岩滩	33.68	11.83	33.97
	大化	1.69	0.62	1.70
筑坝后	柴石滩	3.82	2.53	3.88
	龙滩	55.27	12.37	55.58
	岩滩	23.08	15.82	23.48
	大化	4.71	0.38	4.72
碳排放增量	柴石滩	–1.16	–2.77	–1.23
	龙滩	30.57	–9.26	30.34
	岩滩	–10.60	3.99	–10.49
	大化	3.02	–0.24	3.02

参数	回归模型	r²	p值	dƒ
CO₂浓度	y =1138.842−22.095 DO−15.676 c	0.384	DO: p=0.001; c: p<0.001	62
CH₄浓度	y = −0.118 + 0.011 WT−0.011 H	0.203	WT: p=0.006; H: p=0.011	62

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