华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2007, Vol. 2007 ›› Issue (6): 44-55.

• 地理学 河口海岸学 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来植物互花米草的物理控制实验研究

李贺鹏,张利权   

  1. 华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室 城市生态化过程与生态恢复上海市重点实验室,上海200062
  • 收稿日期:2007-04-10 修回日期:2007-04-28 出版日期:2007-11-25 发布日期:2007-11-25
  • 通讯作者: 张利权

Experimental Study on Physical Controls of an Exotic Plant Spartina alterniflora in Shanghai(Chinese)

LI He-peng, ZHANG Li-quan   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
  • Received:2007-04-10 Revised:2007-04-28 Online:2007-11-25 Published:2007-11-25
  • Contact: ZHANG Li-quan

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摘要： 治理和控制外来物种互花米草对维护崇明东滩自然保护区生物多样性具有重要的意义和必要性.2005-2006年期间，本项研究在崇明东滩互花米草入侵区进行翻耕、人工碎根、割除和生物替代的物理控制实验，以期寻求控制互花米草的有效方法.结果表明，翻耕处理后第一个生长季末期，互花米草植株密度、盖度和地上生物量都显著低于对照，而不同翻耕深度处理之间无显著性差异；在第二年生长季，互花米草基本恢复到对照样地的水平，至生长季末期各处理与对照无显著性差异.碎根处理后的第一个生长季, 不同深度处理都显著抑制了互花米草的生长，其抑制作用随处理深度增加而提高；但经过两个生长季后，互花米草基本恢复到与对照相同的水平.在第一个生长季, 割除处理显著抑制了互花米草的生长；在第二个生长季末期，互花米草的生长得到一定恢复，只有6-9月割除处理显著降低了互花米草的生长.综合两个生长季末期互花米草生长调查结果，8月割除处理对互花米草生长的影响最大.生物替代处理实验中移栽的芦苇保持了较高的存活率, 在第一个生长季，芦苇存活率最大值出现在处理深度为40 cm的样地；在第二个生长季，移栽芦苇的平均成活率仍维持在53.7%，植株高度和结穗率也明显增加.上述结果表明，利用以上物理控制技术治理互花米草, 必须充分考虑物理防治的频度、强度和季节等因素，才能有效发挥其物理防治效果.

关键词: 互花米草, 生物入侵, 物理控制实验, 生物替代, 崇明东滩, 互花米草, 生物入侵, 物理控制实验, 生物替代, 崇明东滩

Abstract:

Since introduced into the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in 1995,Spartina alterniflora has rapidly expanded and seriously threatened the biodiversity there.During 2005 and 2006, a field experiment of physical controls, including digging tillage, breaking rhizome, cutting, and biological substitute,on S.alterniflora was conducted to search effective measures for controlling this invasive plant.The growth parameters of density, coverage and aboveground biomass were used to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments.The results showed that for the digging tillage treatments, the density, coverage and aboveground biomass were significantly lower than that of the control and there were no significant difference among the different depth treatments.In the end of the second growing season, there were no significant differences among the treatments and the control.The treatments of breaking rhizome significantly inhibited the growth of S.alterniflora in the first growing season and inhibition increased with the depth of treatments.However, the inhibition of growth disappeared after two growing seasons and there were no significant differences among the treatments and the control.The treatments of cutting significantly inhibited the growth of S.alterniflora in the first growing season.In the end of the second growing season, the growth of S.alterniflora recovered in some extent, only the treatments of JUN, JUL, AUG and SEP significantly inhibited its growth.In the biological substitute treatment, the transplanted Phragmites australis kept a relatively high survival in the first growing season.The survival rate maintained at the level of 54.2% and both the plant height and fruiting increased considerably in the second growing season.The results demonstrated that it is necessary to take into account of frequency, intensity and season of these measures to achieve a high efficiency for controlling the invasion of S.alterniflora.

Key words: biological invasions, physical control, biological substitute, Chongming Dongtan, Spartina alterniflora, biological invasions, physical control, biological substitute, Chongming Dongtan

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