华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 2015 ›› Issue (1): 240-251.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2015.01.000

• 地理学 河口海岸学 • 上一篇    

遥感和GIS支持下的上海浦东新区城市生态网络格局现状分析

 张林, 田波, 周云轩, 朱春娇   

  1. 华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室，上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2014-01-01 出版日期:2015-01-25 发布日期:2015-03-29
  • 通讯作者: 周云轩，男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为海岸带遥感与地理信息系统应用 E-mail:zhouyx@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn.
  • 作者简介:第一作者: 张林，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为地理信息系统应用与开发. Email: zhanglinssy@163.com.
  • 基金资助:

    上海市第二次湿地资源调查项目（44470310）；全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划（2010CB951204）

Remote sensing and GIS based analysis of urban ecological  network in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

 ZHANG  Lin, TIAN  Bo, ZHOU  Yun-Xuan, ZHU  Chun-Jiao   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2014-01-01 Online:2015-01-25 Published:2015-03-29

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摘要： 上海浦东新区的绿地、林地、湿地是其重要生态栖息地，同时构成基本生态网络。受城市人口不断增加和经济快速增长影响，上海浦东新区建成区快速扩张，生态栖息地资源不断减少，斑块破碎化加大，基本生态网络连通性下降，生态功能下降。本项研究以2011年福卫二号高分辨率遥感影像为基础数据，结合地面调查，通过面向对象遥感分类方法和人工交互后处理，获得浦东新区绿地、林地、湿地土地利用现状。在GIS技术支持下，采用多层次权重、最小费用路径法和重力模型对浦东新区生态网络结构进行了定量分析与评价。结果表明：（1）浦东新区湿地、林绿地总面积17.99万hm2，占区域面积的65.41%，生态用地比重较大；（2）生态适宜性较强的大型斑块较少，且南北不均；（3）林地是组成研究区生态网络的优势景观要素类型，10 m缓冲结果中林地占51.39%；（4）由重力模型得到生态斑块间作用强度可知，九段沙及南汇东滩禁猎区生态区位十分重要；（5）随着生态廊道缓冲距离的增加，土地利用方式变化巨大，生态用地减少、建设用地增加. 

关键词: 廊道, 遥感, 地理信息系统, 浦东新区

Abstract: Grassland, forest land and wetland are ecological habitats and elements of the basic urban ecological network of Pudong New Area in Shanghai. Due to the rapid growth in population and economy, the builtup area of Pudong New Area expands quickly, which result in the ecological habitats area decrease and fragmentation. The immediate consequences are the lowering of its ecological function and connectivity of the ecological networks. Using high resolution images from satellite FW2 acquired in 2011 and in combination with the ground investigations, we obtain the land use and land cover data of grass lands, forests land and wetlands by applying objectoriented remote sensing classification method and visualpostprocessing method. Supported by GIS techniques, we useseveral quantitative analysis algorithms, including Multilevel Weights, LeastCost Path and Gravity Model, to quantify the structure ofthe ecological network. The results show that: (1) the total area of grass lands, forest landsand wetlands in Pudong New Area is 179.9×103 hm2 , which is 65.41% of the total area; (2) there are few large patches with strong ecological suitability, and imbalanced along north-south direction; (3)the forest landsare the superior landscape type in the ecological network of the study area and make up 51.39% in the 10meterwidth ecological buffer zone; (4)Jiuduansha Wetland and Nanhui Dongtan Wildlife Sanctuary play important roles in ecological niche; and (5)land use structure changes rabidly with the increase of buffer distance, that is the ecological habitats reduce while building area increases.

Key words: ecological network, corridor, remote sensing, GIS, Pudong New Area

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