不同土地利用类型土壤温室气体排放对温湿度的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.04.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对我国南方红壤(江西鹰潭孙家坝小流域)4种不同土地利用类型, 在2019年6—10月开展了室内土壤温湿度控制实验, 采用温室气体分析仪(Picarro-G2508)结合静态箱法对土壤温室气体(CO₂、CH₄、N₂O)排放通量进行同步实时监测, 以研究全球气候变化背景下不同土地利用类型土壤温室气体排放差异及其对温湿度的响应. 结果显示, 4种土地利用类型土壤的全球增温潜势(global warming potential, GWP)从高到低依次为稻田、橘园、林地、旱地, 表明稻田土壤温室气体排放对全球变暖贡献最大. 温控实验中, 土壤呼吸(CO₂排放)与土壤温度呈显著正指数相关关系(p < 0.01), 且4种土地利用类型土壤呼吸的温度敏感系数 Q₁₀值分别为林地2.61、旱地2.51、橘园3.12、稻田3.17. 其中, 稻田土壤呼吸的温度敏感度最高, 表明稻田土壤具有较高的CO₂排放潜力, 而CH₄、N₂O排放与土壤温度的相关性不显著. 湿度控制实验中, 土壤CO₂排放随土壤湿度增加而先升高后降低, 并在土壤湿度20% GWC (gravity water content)时达到最大; 稻田土壤CH₄排放与土壤湿度正相关(R² = 0.8875), 但其他3种土地利用类型土壤CH₄排放与土壤湿度不相关; 4种土地利用类型土壤N₂O排放通量均随土壤湿度的增加呈先增后减趋势, 并在土壤湿度为25% GWC时达到峰值.

关键词: 土地利用类型, 温室气体, 红壤, 温度, 湿度

Abstract:

In this paper, soil samples were collected from the red soil region of southern China (namely, the Sunjiaba small watershed in Yingtan, Jiangxi) across four different land-use types. Laboratory incubation experiments were subsequently carried out from June 2019 to October 2019. We used a closed chamber to measure soil greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O) simultaneously with the help of an advanced greenhouse gas analyzer (Picarro-G2508). The aim was to explore the response of soil greenhouse gas emissions across different land-use types to changes in temperature and soil moisture levels under the premise of global climate change. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) of the four land-use types increases with paddy, orangery, forest, and upland, respectively. This suggests that greenhouse gas emissions from paddy soils have the greatest relative impact on global warming. In a temperature-controlled experiment, soil CO₂ emissions were shown to have a significant positive correlation with soil temperature. The Q₁₀ values of soil respiration coefficients for the four land-use types were: 2.61 (forest), 2.51 (upland), 3.12 (orangery), and 3.17 (paddy). Thus, paddy soil respiration has the highest temperature sensitivity, indicating that paddy soil has a higher CO₂ emission potential. Correlations were not significant between CH₄ and N₂O emissions to soil temperature. In the moisture-controlled experiment, the results indicated that soil CO₂ emissions increased at the beginning and then decreased with increasing soil moisture, with the maximum emission rate at 20% GWC (gravity water content). CH₄ emissions from paddy soils increased with soil moisture (R² = 0.8875); CH₄ fluxes from the other three land-use types, however, were not significantly related to soil moisture. The soil N₂O emissions increased at the beginning and then decreased across the soil moisture range measured; all land-use types had the highest N₂O fluxes at 25% GWC.

Key words: land-use types, greenhouse gas, red soil, temperature, moisture

中图分类号:

S154.1

桑文秀, 杨华蕾, 唐剑武. 不同土地利用类型土壤温室气体排放对温湿度的响应[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 2021(4): 109-120.

Wenxiu SANG, Hualei YANG, Jianwu TANG. Response of soil greenhouse gas emissions to temperature and moisture across different land-use types[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 109-120.

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土地利用类型	粘粒度/%	土壤pH值	有机碳/%	总氮/%	电导率/(S·m^–1)	土壤容重/ (g·cm^–3)	土壤湿度/%
林地	48.685 ± 1.151	6.33 ± 0.039	10.304 ± 0.818	1.203 ± 0.114	0.037 ± 0.006	1.11 ± 0.048	16.56 ± 2.06
旱地	33.065 ± 1.117	6.83 ± 0.036	6.286 ± 0.701	0.842 ± 0.056	0.033 ± 0.005	1.06 ± 0.019	13.47 ± 1.70
橘园	19.057 ± 1.007	6.66 ± 0.037	8.301 ± 0.647	0.920 ± 0.107	0.027 ± 0.024	1.17 ± 0.045	14.38 ± 1.26
稻田	14.279 ± 0.509	5.50 ± 0.091	23.457 ± 1.020	0.685 ± 0.087	2.335 ± 0.086	1.02 ± 0.129	25.60 ± 1.11

土地利用类型	方程	R²	p值
林地	y = 0.0230e^0.0959x	0.833	p < 0.0001
旱地	y = 0.0179e^0.0920x	0.873	p < 0.0001
橘园	y = 0.0153e^0.1138x	0.864	p < 0.0001
稻田	y = 0.0221e^0.1154x	0.822	p < 0.0001

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