高强度养殖活动下老爷海溶解氧的亏损及有机质成分的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

老爷海是海南岛东岸的一处潟湖, 受强烈人类活动（尤其是养殖活动）影响, 其水体富营养化并伴随低氧. 在选取的旱季和洪季（2010年4月和2011年8月）, 老爷海适值低氧期间, 对老爷海开展了针对溶解氧和有机质的采样与观测. 结果显示, 春季潟湖低氧强烈, 个别站位表层水溶解氧也仅为50%, 夏季则在底层也存在低氧. 在这样的背景下, 春季有机质浓度明显高于夏季, 颗粒有机质的C/N值(C与N的比值)也表现为春季高于夏季（平均值春季为9.7, 夏季为7.7）. 氨基酸所指征的有机质成分暗示春季有机质有较强的细菌降解信号; 夏季有机质的低C/N值和高氨基酸碳、氮归一化产量显示现场生产相对活跃, 有机质主要来自海源浮游植物, 表层水供氧充分. 在水体发生氧亏损时, 溶解和颗粒有机质的降解程度存在差异. 整体而言, 颗粒有机质的降解程度随着水体中溶解氧浓度的下降而增加, 说明颗粒有机质的降解消耗氧气是造成潟湖低氧的重要驱动因素; 溶解有机质成分的变化和溶解氧关联不显著.

关键词: 老爷海, 潟湖, 低氧, 有机质, 氨基酸

Abstract:

Laoyehai is a lagoon located on the east coast of Hainan and is impacted heavily by human activities (especially those related to aquaculture). Laoyehai is characterized by its eutrophic and hypoxic waters. During previous dry and flood seasons (specifically, April 2010 and August 2011), when hypoxia occurred, field work was conducted to observe the dissolved oxygen (DO) and to collect organic matter. Hypoxia was significant in the spring season with surface DO as low as 50%, while the bottom hypoxic water prevailed in both seasons. In the spring season, the C/N ratio of particulate organic matter was higher than that observed in the summer season (C/N in the spring: 9.7, C/N in the summer: 7.7). Organic matter composition indicated by amino acids showed that there was strong in situ production in the spring relative to that in the summer. Lower C/N values and higher carbon and nitrogen yields of amino acids (AA C yield, AA N yield) in the summer showed active in situ production, suggesting that organic matter was mainly derived from phytoplankton. This also explains the sufficient surface DO in the summer. The degradation of particulate organic matter increased with the decrease of dissolved oxygen, indicating that the particulate organic matter and its degradation were the key driving factors for oxygen consumption in the lagoon. Meanwhile, we found that the relationship between dissolved organic matter components and DO was not significant.

Key words: Laoyehai, lagoon, hypoxia, organic matter, amino acid

中图分类号:

P593

马文超, 王焱, 朱卓毅. 高强度养殖活动下老爷海溶解氧的亏损及有机质成分的响应[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 2021(2): 85-99.

Wenchao MA, Yan WANG, Zhuoyi ZHU. Oxygen depletion and the response of organic matter in Laoyehai, a lagoon with strong aquaculture activities[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 85-99.

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参考文献 17

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氨基酸		氨基酸指征参数
英文缩写	中文名	英文缩写	中文名
THPAA	颗粒态氨基酸	AA C yield	氨基酸的碳归一化产量
THDAA	溶解态氨基酸	AA N yield	氨基酸的氮归一化产量
Asp	天冬氨酸	DI	降解指数
Glu	谷氨酸	D-AA%	D型氨基酸在总氨基酸中的比例
Asn	天冬酰胺	Gly%	甘氨酸在总氨基酸中的比例
Ser	丝氨酸	D/L-Ala	D型丙氨酸与L型丙氨酸的比值
Gln	谷氨酰胺
Thr	苏氨酸
Gly	甘氨酸
Arg	精氨酸
Ala	丙氨酸
GABA	γ -氨基丁酸
Tyr	酪氨酸
Aba	氨基丁酸
Val	缬氨酸
Met	蛋氨酸
Trp	色氨酸
Phe	苯丙氨酸
ILE	异亮氨酸
Leu	亮氨酸
Lys	赖氨酸

		温度/℃	盐度	pH值	DO/(mg·L^–1)	DO%	AOU/(mg·L^–1)
2010.4 表层	max	30.1	33.0	9.28	13	164%	3.8
	min	27.0	13.8	7.92	3	38%	–6.0
	mean	28.5	23.5	8.42	7	86%	0.1
2011.8 表层	max	34.1	27.5	8.51	9	128%	3.1
	min	29.9	7.2	7.42	4	49%	–2.4
	mean	31.9	16.5	8.05	6	90%	0.2
2010.4 底层	max	29.6	33.0	8.92	8	101%	6.8
	min	27.1	18.8	7.68	0.2	2%	–0.7
	mean	28.1	24.8	8.22	4	50%	2.9
2011.8 底层	max	32.1	32.3	8.21	6	81%	6.6
	min	30.1	16.4	7.45	0	0%	0.7
	mean	31.1	21.7	7.85	3	46%	3.2

		TSM/(mg·L^–1)	POC%	PN%	POC/(μmol·L^–1)	PN/(μmol·L^–1)	C/N
2010.4	max	42	14%	1.5%	434	40	11.7
	min	24	2%	0.3%	41	6	7.3
	mean	34	6%	0.7%	172	17	9.7
2011.8	max	60	4%	0.6%	129	16	8.4
	min	17	1%	0.2%	19	3	6.6
	mean	36	3%	0.4%	78	10	7.7

		THPAA						THDAA
		CONC/ (mg·L^–1)	AA C yield	AA N yield	DI	D-AA%	D/L-Ala	Gly%	CONC/ (mg·L^–1)	DI	D-AA%	D/L-Ala	Gly%
2010.4表层	max	5.9	16%	30%	0.7	7.4%	0.14	14%	3.2	5.1	16%	0.75	50%
	min	0.2	1%	3%	– 0.2	5.1%	0.03	6%	0.3	– 0.4	0%	0.13	38%
	mean	1.3	4%	9%	0.3	6.1%	0.09	10%	2.1	1.2	8%	0.25	44%
2011.8表层	max	2.4	10%	22%	1.9	11.3%	0.06	13%	3.4	3.4	10%	0.39	48%
	min	0.1	2%	4%	0.2	4.4%	0.05	8%	0.4	– 0.7	0%	0.25	34%
	mean	1.2	6%	13%	0.9	8.4%	0.05	9%	1.5	1.4	5%	0.31	40%
2010.4底层	max								3.3	1.1	11%	0.67	73%
	min								0.2	– 2.3	5%	0.11	42%
	mean								1.8	– 0.2	8%	0.25	50%
2011.8底层	max								1.5	1.6	11%	0.51	41%
	min								0.1	0.8	9%	0.26	36%
	mean								1.0	1.2	10%	0.34	39%

		AA C yield	AA N yield	THPAA				THDAA
		AA C yield	AA N yield	L-Glu%	L-Asp%	L-Ala%	Gly%	Gly%	L-Ala%	L-Asp%	L-Thr%
2010.4	内湾（网箱养鱼）	5%	13%	14%	13%	12%	9%	44%	11%	8%	6%
2010.4	外湾（岸滩养虾）	8%	16%	7%	8%	13%	9%	39%	9%	10%	5%
2011.8	内湾（网箱养鱼）	2%	4%	13%	14%	12%	11%	52%	7%	6%	4%
2011.8	外湾（岸滩养虾）	3%	6%	7%	9%	13%	9%	40%	9%	8%	5%