基于PCA和CCME-WQI的太湖流域水质评价及时空变化特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用加拿大环境部理事会水质指数 (CCME-WQI) 对2013—2017年太湖流域的河湖水质进行了评价, 并构建了一套有效的水质评估方法, 以期为国内的流域机构提供科学、简便的管理工具. 研究结果表明, 2013—2017年, 流域内的BOD₅、COD_Cr、COD_Mn及磷元素是持续性污染源, 氨氮类营养盐为潜在污染因子, 重金属是偶发性污染物. 根据CCME-WQI的等级划分, 流域水质总体处于“中等”水平. 水质空间分异明显, 流域内南河、苕溪水系附近的水质“良好”. 水质的时间变化明显, 研究周期内CCME-WQI值持续增加; 季节变化上, CCME-WQI值在秋季最高, 夏、冬季次之, 春季最低. CCME-WQI方法准确地评估了太湖流域水质, 从而为我国水质评价提供了一个具有较高适用性和准确性的工具.

关键词: 水质指数, 加拿大环境部理事会水质指数 (CCME-WQI), 太湖流域, 时空分布

Abstract:

Considering the advantage of the Canadian council of ministers of the environment water quality index (CCME-WQI), this study evaluated the rivers and lakes water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin from 2013 to 2017. This study aimed to devise an efficient approach for water quality assessment, providing a scientific and straightforward management tool for watershed agencies in China. Results showed that BOD₅, COD_Cr, COD_Mn, and phosphorus were widespread and persistent pollution sources within the Taihu Lake Basin during the study period. Additionally, ammonia-nitrogen nutrients emerged as a potentially contributorto pollution, while heavy metals were identified as episodic pollutants. Based on the CCME-WQI scoring system, indicated “moderate” water quality for the basin. Spatial heterogeneity was observed in water quality, with “good” water quality around the South River systems and the Camps Creek. Temporal variation of water qualitywas also observed, the CCME-WQI values increases continuously over the study period. Seasonally, the highest CCME-WQI values was observed in autumn, followed by summer and winter, with the spring lowest. This study accurately evaluated the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin using CCME-WQI method, providing a suitable and reliable tool for water quality evaluation in China.

Key words: water quality index, CCME-WQI, Taihu Lake Basin, spatial and temporal distribution

中图分类号:

刘垚燚, 翟凌阁, 曾鹏, 汪逸凡, 田恬, 车越. 基于PCA和CCME-WQI的太湖流域水质评价及时空变化特征[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(2): 20-33.

Yaoyi LIU, Lingge ZHAI, Peng ZENG, Yifan WANG, Tian TIAN, Yue CHE. Water quality evaluation and spatial-temporal variation characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin based on PCA and CCME-WQI[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(2): 20-33.

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水质等级	CCME-WQI 值的范围
优	[95 ~ 100]
良好	[80 ~ 95)
中等	[65 ~ 80)
较差	[45 ~ 65)
差	[0 ~ 45)

主成分	2013 (KMO: 0.610)			2014 (KMO: 0.613)			2015 (KMO: 0.666)			2016 (KMO: 0.644)			2017 (KMO: 0.694)
主成分	EIG	TV/%	CUM/%	EIG	TV/%	CUM/%	EIG	TV/%	CUM/%	EIG	TV/%	CUM/%	EIG	TV/%	CUM/%
PC1	3.70	23.15	23.15	3.46	21.65	21.65	3.82	23.85	23.85	4.12	25.76	25.76	3.75	23.45	23.45
PC2	2.24	14.02	37.17	2.69	16.82	38.47	3.18	19.85	43.69	2.48	15.52	41.28	2.17	13.58	37.03
PC3	2.04	12.72	49.89	1.73	10.79	49.26	1.62	10.10	53.80	1.97	12.33	53.61	1.67	10.45	47.48
PC4	1.42	8.88	58.77	1.43	8.96	58.22	1.38	8.61	62.40	1.62	10.14	63.75	1.19	7.41	54.88
PC5	1.20	7.52	66.29	1.28	7.99	66.20	1.15	7.18	69.59	1.52	9.49	73.24	1.11	6.93	61.81
PC6	1.02	6.35	72.64	1.09	6.80	73.00	-	-	-	1.19	7.42	80.66	1.02	6.36	68.17

年份	主成分	DO	NH₃-N	TN	BOD₅	COD_Mn	TP	COD_Cr	石油类	氟化物	Cu	Pb	Cd	Zn	As	Se	Hg
2013	PC1	–0.604	0.510	0.350	0.770	0.899	0.697	0.887	0.428	0.060	–0.109	0.013	0.086	–0.018	0.273	–0.013	–0.004
2013	PC2	–0.167	–0.737	–0.807	0.034	0.269	–0.276	0.172	0.451	0.064	0.006	0.361	0.358	–0.038	0.358	–0.146	0.474
2014	PC1	–0.251	0.502	0.433	0.735	0.827	0.631	0.811	0.506	0.327	0.120	–0.032	–0.250	0.388	0.237	0.184	–0.006
2014	PC2	0.352	0.696	0.680	–0.226	–0.396	0.188	–0.408	–0.543	0.495	0.592	0.345	0.009	0.324	0.166	0.232	0.123
2015	PC1	–0.358	0.600	0.529	0.819	0.860	0.635	0.832	0.587	0.123	0.056	0.114	–0.183	0.050	0.218	0.169	0.227
2015	PC2	0.280	0.583	0.581	–0.125	–0.335	0.422	–0.381	–0.486	0.054	0.798	0.530	0.417	0.589	0.413	0.304	–0.166
2016	PC1	–0.675	0.365	0.325	0.742	0.888	0.558	0.875	0.662	0.340	–0.178	0.246	–0.369	0.180	0.086	–0.372	0.221
2016	PC2	0.229	0.657	0.614	–0.029	–0.204	0.536	–0.244	–0.383	0.481	0.617	0.326	0.219	0.534	0.068	0.105	–0.140
2017	PC1	–0.355	0.660	0.585	0.735	0.709	0.723	0.702	0.254	0.338	0.421	0.382	–0.072	0.416	0.304	0.083	0.105
2017	PC2	0.380	0.391	0.502	–0.164	–0.521	0.121	–0.466	–0.302	–0.255	0.562	0.359	0.118	0.531	–0.332	0.181	–0.228

水功能区	F₁	F₂	F₃	CCME-WQI
保护区	24.4	8.8	11.9	83.5
缓冲区	46.3	18.7	18.8	69.2
工业	31.0	15.2	15.4	78.2
过渡	38.1	11.9	13.3	75.7
景观	31.7	12.2	12.5	79.1
农业	38.9	14.2	17.1	74.1
饮用	31.3	10.8	11.8	79.7

相关系数		CCME-WQI 评价
相关系数		2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年
单因子评价	2013年	0.772^**	0.756^**	0.727^**	0.655^**	0.643^**
	2014年	0.669^**	0.769^**	0.756^**	0.671^**	0.614^**
	2015年	0.626^**	0.701^**	0.787^**	0.739^**	0.590^**
	2016年	0.544^**	0.580^**	0.678^**	0.682^**	0.555^**
	2017年	0.618^**	0.612^**	0.658^**	0.653^**	0.692^**