华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 2012 ›› Issue (4): 102-111.

• 生命科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州草海冬季鸟类群落特征

罗祖奎1, 刘 文2, 李振吉2, 马关卫1, 潘 娟1   

  1. 1.凯里学院 环境与生命科学学院,贵州 凯里 556011; 2.草海国家级自然保护区管理局,贵州 威宁 553100
  • 收稿日期:2011-03-01 修回日期:2011-06-01 出版日期:2012-07-25 发布日期:2014-12-15

Characteristics of the avian community in winter in Caohai of Guizhou Province, China

LUO Zu-kui 1, LIU Wen 2, LI Zhen-ji 2, MA Guan-wei 1, PAN Juan 1   

  1. 1. School of Environment and Life Sciences, Kaili University, Kaili Guizhou 556011, China;
    2. Caohai National Nature Reserve, Weining Guizhou 553100, China
  • Received:2011-03-01 Revised:2011-06-01 Online:2012-07-25 Published:2014-12-15

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摘要： 2010年12月～2011年1月采用样线法对贵州草海自然保护区内的鸟类进行了调查.根据植被特征划分出农田、蔬菜地、草甸、浅水区、深水区和树林6个鸟类群落,共记录到鸟类88种,隶属13目33科.其中,国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类分别有1种和6种.鸟类群落总体密度(〖WTBX〗D〖WTBZ〗)、〖WTBX〗α〖WTBZ〗多样性指数(〖WTBX〗H′〖WTBZ〗)、优势度(〖WTBX〗C〖WTBZ〗) 和均匀度指数(〖WTBX〗J〖WTBZ〗) 分别为:12.14只·hm-2、2.98、0.91和0.67;6个鸟类群落的物种数、〖WTBX〗D、H′、C和J〖WTBZ〗值分别为:27～35种、3.93～33.76只·hm-2、1.61～2.78、0.41～0.91、0.48～0.79.〖WTBX〗β〖WTBZ〗多样性分析表明:Jaccard相似性系数(〖WTBX〗Cj〖WTBZ〗) 最高的是浅水区—深水区, 为0.667,最低的是深水区—树林,为0.016;Bray-Curtis指数(〖WTBX〗CN〖WTBZ〗) 最高的是树林—蔬菜地,为0.006 8,最低的是浅水区—深水区,为0.001 4.人口增长和城市化发展导致草海鸟类栖息地丧失、人为干扰影响鸟类多样性、提倡建立生态补偿机制.

关键词: 鸟类群落组成, 鸟类群落结构, 多样性, 自然保护区

Abstract: By the method of line transect, a bird survey was conducted in the Caohai Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province from December 2010 to January 2011. Habitats were classified into six catalogues, i.e. farmland, vegetable land, grassland, low water area, deep water area and woods. A total of 88 bird species was recorded, which belonged to 33 families and 13 orders. Among the bird species recorded, 1 species was in the GradeⅠnational key protected birds and 6 species was in the Grade Ⅱ, respectively. The overall density (D), 〖WTBX〗α 〖WTBZ〗diversity index (H′), predominant index (〖WTBX〗C〖WTBZ〗) and evenness (〖WTBX〗J〖WTBZ〗) of the avian communities were 12.14 ind·hm-2, 2.98, 0.91 and 0.67, and the species, 〖WTBX〗D〖WTBZ〗, 〖WTBX〗H′〖WTBZ〗, 〖WTBX〗C 〖WTBZ〗and 〖WTBX〗J〖WTBZ〗 were 27～35 species, 3.93～33.76 ind·hm-2, 1.61～2.78, 0.41～0.91 and 0.48～0.79, respectively. The Jaccard similarity index(〖WTBX〗Cj〖WTBZ〗) of low water area-deep water area was the highest (0.667) while that of deep water area-woods was the lowest (0.016), and the Bray-Curtis index (〖WTBX〗CN〖WTBZ〗) of woods-vegetable land was the highest (0.006 8) while that of low water area-deep water area was the lowest (0.001 4). Increment from population and urbanization development brought about the loss of avian habitats in Caohai, and disturbance from human had impacts on the avian diversity. Eco-compensation measures were recommended to practice for better management in Caohai.

Key words: avian community composition, avian community structure, diversity, nature reserve

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