学习结果导向的能力和技能：人力资源发展、教育和培训中的能力拓展、建模和标准

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文对“数字时代”的能力和技能的潜在用例和影响进行了总结，主要强调了人力资源发展标准和元数据扮演的角色和优势，同时解释了能力模型能够为学习、教育和培训中的质量发展提供的特殊支持.关于这个方面，只对这一被称为“能力建模”的创新方法的主要特征以及它与职业教育、培训（VET）的关联进行了总结.同时，还介绍了一个常见的能力模型，这一模型包括一个标准化能力结构和一套水平分类，并针对一般应用情景和职业教育、培训中的具体用例进行了讨论.有证据表明，能力建模和现有的能力模型不仅使得工作地点、组织和个人的发展获得了改善，同时还加速了世界的移动，能力和技能也越来越被人们认识和了解.最后介绍了欧洲对能力建模的主要行动方案，并强调了与之有关的现有标准化活动.

关键词: 人力资源发展, 学习、教育和培训（LET）, 职业教育与培训（VET）, WACOM, eCOTOOL, 能力标准, 能力建模元数据

Abstract: This paper will summarize the potential use cases and impacts of competences and skills in the new area, often called “Digital Age”: It will highlight the roles and benefits of standards and metadata for HR development and points out the special support that competence models can provide for the quality development in learning, education, and training. In this regard, the main characteristics of this innovative approach called competence modelling and its relevance in vocational education and training (VET) can only be summarized. A general competence model with a standardized competence structure and taxonomy of levels is introduced and discussed for the general application scenarios and for the specific use cases in vocational education and training. It can be shown that competence modelling and the presented competence model lead to an improvement of the working places, of the organizational and individual development, to an increase of the mobility worldwide as well as to a higher transparency and recognition of competences and skills. Finally leading European initiatives on competence modelling are introduced and the current standardization activities are highlighted.

Key words: human resources development, learning, education, and training (LET), vocational education and training (VET), WACOM, eCOTOOL, competence standards, metadata for competence modelling

中图分类号:

Q948

C·M·斯塔克. 学习结果导向的能力和技能：人力资源发展、教育和培训中的能力拓展、建模和标准[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 2012(2): 115-130.

Christian M. STRACKE. Competences and skills for learning-outcome orientation: competence development, modelling, and standards for human resources development, education and training[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2012, 2012(2): 115-130.

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