多功能区道路灰尘中有机磷酸酯分布累积特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析了20余种有机磷酸酯 (organophosphate esters, OPEs) 同系物在杭州市城镇、耕地和林地道路灰尘中的浓度水平及空间分布特征. 其中, 磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯是丰度最高的单体, 多种OPEs在不同功能区样品中的残留量呈现出显著区域性差异, 且峰值多检测于人口密度较大和距离主干道较近的地区, 印证了人为活动和交通排放是驱动其空间分布的重要因素. 基于所获道路灰尘浓度数据, 估算了当地人群经灰尘咽入和皮肤吸收而引发的OPEs暴露速率, 推演结果表明所涉健康风险较低.

关键词: 新污染物, 有机磷酸酯, 道路灰尘, 空间分布, 人体暴露

Abstract:

This study determined concentrations of more than twenty organophosphate ester (OPE) congeners in road dust samples collected from urban/suburb, agricultural, and forest regions in Hangzhou, and elucidated their spatial trends. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate was the predominant congener. Additionally, significant regional-specific variations in the dust-associated OPE residues were observed. High OPE concentrations were generally found in the road dust sampled from sites with high human population densities and adjacent to trunk roads, highlighting the substantial contributions of anthropogenic activities and vehicular emission to the OPE burdens. Moreover, the OPE exposure rate for the local cohorts via ingestion of and dermal contact with road dust was estimated. The estimated values of OPE exposure were at least 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the documented reference doses, suggesting that the associated health risks to Hangzhou residents were negligible.

Key words: contaminants of emerging concern, organophosphate esters, road dust, spatial patterns, human exposure

中图分类号:

X132

金芮合, 杨妤昀, 邬言, 杨静, 刘敏. 多功能区道路灰尘中有机磷酸酯分布累积特征[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 2024(6): 62-73.

Ruihe JIN, Yuyun YANG, Yan WU, Jing YANG, Min LIU. Regional-specific distribution of organophosphate esters in road dust from multiple land types[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(6): 62-73.

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人群	摄入率/(mg/d)	可供接触的皮肤表面积/(cm²/d)	灰尘对皮肤的附着系数/(mg/cm²)	吸收系数/%	暴露频率/(d/a)	体重/kg
成人	100	2145	0.07	13	365	70.0
儿童	200	1150	0.20	13	365	31.8
参数表示	ingestion rate, IGR, 记为R	skin area, SA, 记为A	affinity coefficient, AF, 记为C_AF	absorption coefficient, ABS, 记为C_ABS	exposure frequency, EF, 记为F	body weight, BW, 记为W

OPEs	OPEs浓度水平/(ng/g)			检出率/%
OPEs	中位数	最大值	最小值	检出率/%
TEP	1.34	9.3	0.27	100
TCEP	4.01	122.2	<MDL	99
TIPRP	<MDL	0.2	<MDL	18
TPRP	<MDL	0.2	<MDL	35
TCIPP	246.07	2468.0	<MDL	95
V6	0.25	12.1	<MDL	82
TDCIPP	<MDL	21.4	<MDL	4
RDP	0.16	19.9	<MDL	53
TPHP	<MDL	2143.1	<MDL	20
TDBPP	<MDL	4.1	<MDL	10
TNBP	1.96	162.4	<MDL	93
TBOEP	<MDL	22.5	<MDL	13
EHDPHP	1.27	25.3	<MDL	64
TPEP	<MDL	0.2	<MDL	6
T35DMPP	<MDL	3.2	<MDL	22
BPA-BDPP	1.39	706.1	<MDL	96
T2IPPP	<MDL	5.2	<MDL	36
T4tBPP	<MDL	3.7	<MDL	40
TEHP	14.03	372.1	1.32	100
2IPPDPP	<MDL	7.6	<MDL	28
4IPPDPP	<MDL	614.8	<MDL	24
TOTP	<MDL	14.2	<MDL	1
TMTP + TPTP	<MDL	59.0	<MDL	46
∑OPEs	343.91	3436.5	11.96	100

地区	OPEs浓度水平/(ng/g)					参考文献
地区	TEP	TCEP	TCIPP	TNBP	EHDPHP	参考文献
杭州	1.7	13.8	318.6	6.0	3.1	本研究
北京	53.7	397.1	1010.2	41.1		[44]
南京 (城市)	4.6	7.8	90.7	3.0	3.0	[45]
南京 (农村)	2.5	3.3	7.1	2.2	0.1	[45]
重庆 (城市)	25.2	6.7		68.3		[46]
重庆 (农村)	5.1	12.0		95.5		[46]
重庆 (商业区)	2.1	0.6	9.1		9.9	[47]
河南 (城市道路灰尘)	7.3	23.2	33.9	1.5		[48]
苏州 (道路)	3.3		804.1			[49]
纽约 (机场)	12.3	15.9	26.2	18.8	1.3	[50]
伊拉克		208.9		49.2	204.2	[51]

	TEP	TCEP	TCIPP	V6	TNBP	EHDPHP	BPA-BDPP	TEHP	∑OPEs	人口密度
TCEP	0.341^*
TCIPP	0.285^*	0.192^*
V6	0.258^*	0.444^*	0.004
TNBP	0.200^*	0.289^*	0.088	0.413^*
EHDPHP	0.293^*	0.399^*	0.034	0.381^*	0.361^*
BPA-BDPP	0.325^*	0.340^*	0.189^*	0.423^*	0.373^*	0.327^*
TEHP	0.189^*	0.423^*	0.017	0.597^*	0.470	0.430^*	0.344^*
∑OPEs	0.258^*	0.279^*	0.673^*	0.155	0.225	0.186^*	0.258^*	0.203^*
人口密度	0.039	0.222^*	–0.135	0.306^*	0.386^*	0.268^*	0.193^*	0.425^*	0.176
距最近主干道距离	–0.112	–0.164^*	–0.029	–0.146	–0.210^*	–0.047	–0.246^*	–0.191^*	–0.027	–0.321^*

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