Species composition and distribution pattern of weed communities in Chongqing metropolis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201931002

Abstract

Abstract: We arranged 86 1 km×1 km vegetation surveying plots in Chongqing metropolis using the grid method. The plots were used to investigate the species composition and distribution pattern of weed communities in the context of rapid urbanization. The findings of the study were as follows: ① 301 weed species belonging to 223 genera and 69 families were recorded. Among the recorded species, species of the Compositae and Gramineae were the most abundant; ② Annual weeds and dwarf weeds were the dominant types of weed species; ③ The weed communities in Chongqing metropolis were primarily comprised of native species. There were 31 exotic weed species and 11 invasive weed species recorded in the study; ④ The similarities in weed species composition across high-, medium- and low-urbanization areas were low. Additionally, the composition of dominant species within the weed community varied by area; ⑤ Urbanization had impacted weed biodiversity, evidenced by the lower number of weed species and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the high urbanization areas compared to that of the medium and low urbanization areas; ⑥ The number of weed species in the 86 sample plots showed a polycentric pattern with increasing distance between the survey plot and city center. Overall, urbanization had a significant impact on the composition and diversity of weed communities in mountainous multi-center cities, but the urbanization gradient of weed species is different from that of plain single-center cities.

Key words: urban weeds, species composition, diversity pattern, urbanization, mountainous cities

CLC Number:

WU Xue, HUANG Li, JIN Cheng, QIAN Shenhua, YANG Yongchuan. Species composition and distribution pattern of weed communities in Chongqing metropolis[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(2): 98-109.

References

[1] ROMAGOSA C M, MORSE W C, LOCKABY B G. Emerging issues along urban-rural interfaces:An introduction to the special issue[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2013, 16(1):1-2. DOI:10.1007/s11252-013-0299-y.
[2] ARONSON M F J, SORTE F A L, NILON C H, et al. A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers[J]. Proc Biol Sci, 2014, 281(1780):201330-201333.
[3] BURTON M L, SAMUELSON L J, MACKENZIE M D. Riparian woody plant traits across an urban-rural land use gradient and implications for watershed function with urbanization[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2009, 90(1/2):50-55.
[4] YANG Y, FUJIHARA M, BAIZHAN L. Structure and diversity of remnant natural evergreen broad-leaved forests at three sites affected by urbanization in Chongqing metropolis, Southwest China[J]. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 2014, 10(1):137-149. DOI:10.1007/s11355-011-0160-5.
[5] QIAN S, QI M, HUANG L, et al. Biotic homogenization of China's urban greening:A meta-analysis on woody species[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2016, 18:25-33.
[6] YANG Y, LI N. Role of urban remnant evergreen broad-leaved forests on natural restoration of artificial forests in Chongqing metropolis[J]. Journal of Central South University, 2009(s1):276-281.
[7] MCKINNEY M L. Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization[J]. Biological Conservation, 2006, 127(3):247-260. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.005.
[8] OHSAWA M, DA L J, OTUKA T. Urban vegetation-Its structure and dynamics[C]//OBARA H. Integrated Studies in Urban Ecosystems as the Basis of Urban Planning. Tokyo:Ministry of ECS, 1988.
[9] KITAZAWA T, OHSAWA M. Patterns of species diversity in rural herbaceous communities under different management regimes, chiba, central Japan[J]. Biological Conservation, 2002, 104(2):239-249. DOI:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00170-7.
[10] BENVENUTI S. Weed dynamics in the mediterranean urban ecosystem:Ecology, biodiversity and management[J]. Weed Research, 2004, 44(5):341-354. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00410.x.
[11] PEARSON D E, ORTEGA Y K, RUNYON J B, et al. Secondary invasion:The bane of weed management[J]. Biological Conservation, 2016, 197:8-17. DOI:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.02.029.
[12] ANNING A K, YEBOAH-GYAN K. Diversity and distribution of invasive weeds in Ashanti Region, Ghana[J]. African Journal of Ecology, 2007, 45(3):355-360. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00719.x.
[13] LOSOSOVA Z, CHYTRY M, KUHN I, et al. Patterns of plant traits in annual vegetation of man-made habitats in central Europe[J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology Evolution & Systematics, 2007, 8(2):69-81.
[14] SHARPE D M, STEAMS F, LEITNER L A, et al. Fate of natural vegetation during urban development of rural landscapes in Southeastern Wisconsin[J]. Urban Ecology, 1986, 9(3):267-287.
[15] SARAH P, ZHEVELEV H M. Effect of visitors' pressure on soil and vegetation in several different micro-environments in urban parks in Tel Aviv[J]. Landscape & Urban Planning, 2007, 83(4):284-293.
[16] HEPINSTALL-CYMERMAN J, COE S, HUTYRA L R. Erratum to:Urban growth patterns and growth management boundaries in the Central Puget Sound, Washington, 1986-2007[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2013, 15(1):283-283. DOI:10.1007/s11252-011-0213-4.
[17] HARDTLE W, REDECKER B, ASSMANN T, et al. Vegetation responses to environmental conditions in floodplain grasslands:Prerequisites for preserving plant species diversity[J]. Basic & Applied Ecology, 2006, 7(3):280-288.
[18] NICHOLAS S G W, MARK W S, PETER A V, et al. A conceptual framework for predicating the effects of urban environment on floras[J]. Journal of Eccology, 2009, 97:4-9. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01460.x.
[19] 孟雪松, 欧阳志云, 崔国发, 等. 北京城市生态系统植物种类构成及其分布特征 [J]. 生态学报, 2004(10):2200-2206. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.10.016
[20] TIAN Z, SONG K, DA L. Distribution patterns and traits of weed communities along an urban-rural gradient under rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China[J]. Weed Biology and Management, 2015, 15(1):27-41. DOI:10.1111/wbm.12062.
[21] CHEN X, WANG W, LIANG H, et al. Dynamics of ruderal species diversity under the rapid urbanization over the past half century in Harbin, Northeast China[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2014, 17(2):455-472. DOI:10.1007/s11252-013-0338-8.
[22] 陈晓双, 梁红, 宋坤, 等. 哈尔滨中心城区杂草物种多样性及其在异质生境中的分布特征 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(4):946-952
[23] 赵娟娟, 孙小梅, 陈珊珊, 等. 城市野生草本植物种类构成的特征-以宁波市为例 [J]. 生态环境学报, 2016, 25(1):43-50
[24] HAN G, XU J. Land surface phenology and land surface temperature changes along an urban-Rural gradient in Yangtze River Delta, China[J]. Environmental Management, 2013, 52(1):234-249. DOI:10.1007/s00267-013-0097-6.
[25] 杨永川, 袁兴中, 李百战, 等. 重庆都市区残存常绿阔叶林的群落特征及其意义[J]. 生物多样性, 2007, 15(3):247-256. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1005-0094.2007.03.005
[26] IMHOFF M L, ZHANG P, WOLFE R E. Remote sensing of the urban heat island effect across biomes in the continental USA[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009, 114(3):504-513.
[27] FEI Y, MARVIN E B. Mapping impervious surface area using with high resolution imagery:A comparison of object-based and per-Pixel classification[C]. Annual Conference of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2006:85-95.
[28] MCKINNEY M L. Urbanization, biodiversity, andconservation[J]. Bioscience, 2002, 52(10):883-890. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0883:UBAC]2.0.CO;2.
[29] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1991.
[30] 张泽浦, 广田甚七. 中国杂草原色图鉴[M]. 北京:中华人民共和国农业部农药检定所, 2000.
[31] 高增祥, 季荣, 徐汝梅, 等. 外来种入侵的过程、机理和预测[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(3):559-570
[32] RICHARDSON D M, PETR P, REJMANEK M, et al. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants:Concepts and definitions[J]. Diversity and Distributions, 2003, 3(6):14-93.
[33] 严靖, 闫小玲, 马金双, 等. 中国外来入侵植物彩色图鉴[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社, 2016.
[34] 宋永昌, 由文辉, 王祥荣. 城市生态学[M]. 上海:华东师范大学出版社, 2000.
[35] VAKHLAMOVA T, RUSTERHOLZ H P, KANIBOLOTSKAYA Y, et al. Changes in plant diversity along an urban-rural gradient in an expanding city in Kazakhstan, Western Siberia[J]. Landscape & Urban Planning, 2014, 132(132):111-120.
[36] ŠTAJEROVÁ K, ŠMILAUER P, BR?NA J, et al. Distribution of invasive plants in urban environment is strongly spatially structured[J]. Landscape Ecology, 2017, 32(3):681-692. DOI:10.1007/s10980-016-0480-9.
[37] 刘小丽, 陈晓双, 王伟波, 等. 城乡梯度上哈尔滨城市杂草分布格局及生境型生态种组划分 [J]. 城市环境与城市生态, 2013(3):22-25
[38] MCKINNEY M L. Effects of urbanization on species richness:A review of plants and animals[J]. Urban Ecosystems, 2008, 11(2):161-176. DOI:10.1007/s11252-007-0045-4.
[39] CHOCHOLOUŠKOVÁ Z, PYŠEK P. Changes in composition and structure of urban flora over 120 years:A case study of the city of Plzeň[J]. Flora, 2003, 198(5):366-376. DOI:10.1078/0367-2530-00109.
[40] VAKHLAMOVA T, RUSTERHOLZ H P, KANIBOLOTSKAYA Y, et al. Changes in plant diversity along an urban-rural gradient in an expanding city in Kazakhstan, Western Siberia[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014, 132:111-120. DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.08.014.
[41] 李晓鹏, 董丽, 关军洪, 等. 北京城市公园环境下自生植物物种组成及多样性时空特征 [J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(2):581-594
[42] BASSOLE I H, GUELBEOGO W M, NEBIE R, et al. Ovicidal and larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes of essential oils extracted from three spontaneous plants of Burkina Faso[J]. Parassitologia, 2003, 45(1):23-26.
[43] CRUZ W P, SARMENTO R A, TEODORO A V, et al. Driving factors of the communities of phytophagous and predatory mites in a physic nut plantation and spontaneous plants associated[J]. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 2013, 60(4):509-519. DOI:10.1007/s10493-013-9663-0.