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Research progress on the ecological restoration and protection of the water-soil interface by periphyton bioregulation techniques Wenliang JIANG, Baicheng HU, Dan LI, Yonghong WU, Hongmei YE J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 1-11.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.001 Abstract （1058）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （1239KB）（2413）       Knowledge map    Save The study summarized the characteristics of periphyton biology, investigating of periphyton bioregulation technology in water and soil ecological restoration and greenhouse gas regulation. The application scenarios of periphyton biocapture and bioregulation technology that utilizes the enrichment and removal characteristics of pollutants by periphyton and their mediating carbon cycle functions were expounded. The effect and function of applying this technology in enriching and removing novel environmental pollutants and resource recovery under environmental stress were discussed in depth. Its potential advantages for ecological community restoration and ecosystem regulation were clarified. Finally, constructing a systematic and integrated periphyton bioregulation technology based on spatial optimization of water-soil interface, coupling with the integration of new technologies for the enhancement of periphyton functions, was proposed, which will provide a perspective for the application of periphyton bioregulation technology in the ecological restoration of the water-soil interface. The prospects provide technical support for green and low-carbon secondary resource recycling technology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Water quality evaluation and spatial-temporal variation characteristics of the Taihu Lake Basin based on PCA and CCME-WQI Yaoyi LIU, Lingge ZHAI, Peng ZENG, Yifan WANG, Tian TIAN, Yue CHE J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 20-33.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.003 Abstract （948）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （3953KB）（1320）       Knowledge map    Save Considering the advantage of the Canadian council of ministers of the environment water quality index (CCME-WQI), this study evaluated the rivers and lakes water quality in the Taihu Lake Basin from 2013 to 2017. This study aimed to devise an efficient approach for water quality assessment, providing a scientific and straightforward management tool for watershed agencies in China. Results showed that BOD5, CODCr, CODMn, and phosphorus were widespread and persistent pollution sources within the Taihu Lake Basin during the study period. Additionally, ammonia-nitrogen nutrients emerged as a potentially contributorto pollution, while heavy metals were identified as episodic pollutants. Based on the CCME-WQI scoring system, indicated “moderate” water quality for the basin. Spatial heterogeneity was observed in water quality, with “good” water quality around the South River systems and the Camps Creek. Temporal variation of water qualitywas also observed, the CCME-WQI values increases continuously over the study period. Seasonally, the highest CCME-WQI values was observed in autumn, followed by summer and winter, with the spring lowest. This study accurately evaluated the water quality of the Taihu Lake Basin using CCME-WQI method, providing a suitable and reliable tool for water quality evaluation in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on the impact of connectivity restoration and ecological water replenishment on river-lake water ecosystem Haiyao QIU, Yan HE, Yehong FAN, Minsheng HUANG, Chengjin CAO, Peimin HE, Bingbing XU, Wenhui HE J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 12-19.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.002 Abstract （929）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （800KB）（1474）       Knowledge map    Save Connectivity restoration and ecological water replenishment aim to enhance hydrological connectivity, thereby strengthening water exchange and purifying water quality through increased water mobility and water reoxygenation capacity. This study introduces the impact of connectivity restoration and ecological water replenishment on the ecosystem of various river-lake water systems, examining four aspects, including water quality, water dynamics, plant life, and animal population. The study identifies several challenges that require resolution in the connectivity of river-lake systems and proposes recommendations for future research to address these issues effectively. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Performance evaluation system of urban wastewater treatment plants based on ESG + E Chenxi YU, Xiangyu ZHANG, Zheng WEI, Jianbo LIN, Yan HE J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 132-140.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.013 Abstract （928）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （879KB）（49）       Knowledge map    Save This study developed an evaluation system for urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) based on Environment, Social, Governance, and Economy (ESG + E), encompassing four dimensions: environmental impact, social responsibility, corporate governance, and economic benefits. Seven detailed criteria and twenty evaluation indicators were developed accordingly. The analytic hierarchy process method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were used to create the evaluation model, which was then used to evaluate the overall performance of three urban WWTPs in Shanghai. The results showed that WWTP1 and WWTP3 performed exceptionally well, while WWTP2 performed admirably. Recommendations for WWTP2 include improving resource utilization, diversifying employee training, and strengthening disclosure systems. The evaluation results were consistent with the WWTPs’ actual operational status, demonstrating the accuracy and scientificity of the evaluation system. This study provides a useful reference for the performance evaluation of urban WWTPs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Response characteristics of the evolution of Chongming Dongtan wetland in the Yangtze River Estuary to sea level rise Yating HOU, Weiming XIE, Jiaheng YUAN, Xianye WANG J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 42-54.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.005 Abstract （927）   HTML （15）    PDF（pc） （2974KB）（694）       Knowledge map    Save The SLAMM (Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model) is employed to simulate a wetland’s evolution by considering scenarios of sea level rise and whether the wetland is protected by seawalls. This study investigates the effects of tidal range, slope, and land subsidence on wetland stability. The findings are as follows: ① Chongming Dongtan wetland will be reduced in size in future under the influence of sea level rise. From 2020 to 2050, its wetland area retention rate will be 0.732 ~ 0.763. In addition, the Chongming Dongtan wetland is expected to begin shrinking as early as 2039. ② The seawall in the restored area of Chongming Dongtan wetland can prevent reverse succession and transitional salt marsh during the response to sea level rise; ③ The changes in tidal range, slope, and land subsidence can affect the stability of the Chongming Dongtan wetland. If the goal is to stabilize Chongming Dongtan wetland by 2050, the tidal range must reach at least 3.0 meters or the slope of the profile must be above 2.06‰. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Factors influencing heavy metal pollution in open-pit coal mine dumps Hai NIU, Yupeng HUA, Lijie MA, Shuo ZHANG, Ruiyang GUAN, Min SHENG, Wenyan DUAN J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 106-120.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.011 Abstract （919）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （1844KB）（459）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, two open-pit coal mine dumps in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, namely, Shigetai and Heidaigou, were selected as research subjects. Soil physicochemical properties, structure, heavy metal pollution (assessed using a single-factor evaluation index), and their interrelationships were analyzed at each dumping site along eight directions: east, west, south, north, northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest. The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors influencing heavy metal contamination in open-pit coal mine dumps. The results of this study can guide the selection of ecological remediation measures for mining areas based on local conditions. The results showed that: (1) There were considerable differences in soil physicochemical properties, structure, and heavy metal contamination between the Shigetai and Heidaigou mining areas. (2) Soil total phosphorus varied considerably among the different orientations in Shigetai, whereas there was a considerable difference in soil total potassium among the different orientations in Heidaigou. (3) Heavy Cd pollution was observed, and there was slight Mn pollution in Shigetai. In Heidaigou, there was heavy Cd pollution and slight Cu and Ni pollution. (4) While there was a considerable difference in the level of Cd pollution along the different directions in Shigetai, the level of Mn pollution showed no correlation with direction. There was a considerable difference in Ni pollution levels among the different orientations in Heidaigou, whereas Cd and Cu pollution levels were not related to orientation. (5) The trends in the Cd pollution levels in Shigetai and Ni in Heidaigou along the different directions were generally consistent with the changes in their topography. In other words, areas with lower topography experienced more severe heavy metal pollution. (6) Correlation analysis revealed that the level of heavy metal contamination was strongly associated with soil pH, total K content, and the proportion of large-sized soil particles. In conclusion, varying levels of heavy metal pollution were observed in the different mining dumps. Significant correlations were observed between three soil environmental factors, namely, the topography of the dump, soil fertility, soil structure, and the level of soil heavy metal pollution. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the GitHub developer geographic location prediction method based on multi-dimensional feature fusion Sijia ZHAO, Fanyu HAN, Wei WANG J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (5): 1-13.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.05.001 Abstract （872）   HTML （18）    PDF（pc） （1118KB）（76）       Knowledge map    Save The geographic location information of developers is important for understanding the global distribution of open source activities and formulating regional policies. However, a substantial number of developer accounts on the GitHub platform lack geographic location information, limiting the comprehensive analysis of the geographic distribution of the global open source ecosystem. This study proposed a hierarchical geographic location prediction framework based on multidimensional feature fusion. By integrating three major categories of multidimensional features—temporal behavior, linguistic culture, and network characteristics—the framework established a four-tier progressive prediction mechanism consisting of rule-driven rapid positioning, name cultural inference, time zone cross-validation, and a deep learning ensemble. Experiments conducted on a large-scale dataset built from 50000 globally active developers demonstrated that this method successfully predicted the geographic locations of 82.52% of the developers. Among these, the name cultural inference layer covered most users with an accuracy of 0.7629, whereas the deep learning ensemble layer handled the most complex cases with an accuracy of 0.7557. A comparative analysis with the prediction results from the Moonshot large language model validated the superiority of the proposed method in complex geographic inference tasks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring initial rainwater collection methods in a chemical industrial park based on water quality objectives Zhaokang WU, Qinglai SUN, Yuji JI, Ziling DAI, Qixin XU, Sheng XIE, Kai YANG J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 121-131.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.012 Abstract （839）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1568KB）（57）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, industrial enterprises primarily utilize two initial rainwater collection methods based on time (first 15 ~ 30 min) and depth (first 20 ~ 30 mm) according to the relevant specifications and standards. However, online monitoring and control of rainwater discharge water quality in chemical industrial parks is relatively weak and there is limited research on the pollution control effects of different initial rainwater collection methods. This study utilized monitoring data from rainwater outlets in a Shanghai chemical industrial park to investigate the pollution risks associated with different initial rainwater collection methods and align them with the requirements for pollution emission load control and water quality compliance. The cumulative distribution curve of the runoff pollution load was used to examine the response of key water quality indicators to rainfall. This study discusses variations in different initial rainwater collection and management methods in chemical industrial parks from the perspective of pollution reduction. Chemical companies generally adopt time-based initial rainwater collection for operational convenience during continuous heavy rainfall, with its rainwater pollution control effect being relatively limited. Therefore, it is recommended that chemical industrial parks adopt depth-based collection methods tailored to rainfall characteristics to effectively reduce rainwater pollution loads and mitigate pollution risks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic characteristics and degradation transformation mechanism of dissolved organic matter in estuarine wetlands: A case study of Chongming Dongtan salt marsh wetland in Shanghai Run LI, Jienan CHEN, Hao CHEN, Fang CAO J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 55-67.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.006 Abstract （834）   HTML （19）    PDF（pc） （1507KB）（1700）       Knowledge map    Save Estuarine wetlands are important components of coastal ecosystems that contribute tremendously to global blue carbon sinks. The amount and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) vary significantly with tidal exchange and seasonal cycles. Focusing on the Chongming Dongtan salt marshes in Shanghai under the influence of the Yangtze River, we conducted high-frequency sampling across a complete tidal cycle in each season and characterized the dynamics of the quantity (expressed by the C content in DOM, i.e., the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) and spectral characteristics (expressed by the light absorption characteristics of chromophoric DOM (CDOM)) of DOM across tidal and seasonal scales. The results indicated that on the tidal scale, waters leaving the marshes during the ebbing tide were rich in DOC, strong in optical absorbance (${a_{{\rm{CDOM}}}} $(350) and ${a_{{\rm{CDOM}}}^*} $(350)), with high aromaticity (specific ultraviolet absorbance, SUVA254) and low spectral slope (S275-295), compared to water entering the marshes during the flooding tide. On a seasonal scale, waters in the ebbing tide during summer and fall had elevated DOC concentrations, high absorption and aromaticity, and correspondingly lower spectral slopes relative to waters collected in winter and spring. The results of on-site incubation experiments demonstrated that photochemical degradation was the major process that removed the colored fraction from the DOM pool, whereas microbial processing played an important role in affecting the bulk DOM. This study helps improve our understanding of the dynamics of marsh DOM and the mechanisms of its degradation processes associated with lateral transport from estuarine marshes to adjacent estuaries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on seed production, characteristics of dormancy, and germination of Scirpus mariqueter in the Yangtze River Estuary Feng TIAN, Lin YUAN, Liquan ZHANG, Yang LI, Lu BAN, Pingya CHEN J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 68-76.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.007 Abstract （822）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1049KB）（699）       Knowledge map    Save Scirpus mariqueter is a pioneer and keystone species of the salt marsh ecosystem in the Yangtze River Estuary. Seeds produced via sexual reproduction are the primary means of long-distance population dispersal. This study investigated the seed production, characteristics of dormancy, and germination of S. mariqueter populations along gradients of elevation in tidal flats using field surveys, seed storage experiments, and germination tests. The results of seed production studies showed that the elevation of tidal flats significantly influenced plant density and seed production of S. mariqueter (p < 0.05). Sampling areas at an elevation of 2.8 m and above were found to have the highest plant density and seed production at (682 ± 27) ind/m2 and (1724 ± 101) seeds/m2, respectively. Areas between 2.5 ~ 2.8 m of elevation had a plant density of (256 ± 41) ind/m2 and a seed production of (613 ± 101) seeds/m2. The lowest values were observed in sampling areas between 2.0 ~ 2.5 m elevation, with a plant density of (138 ± 27) ind/m2 and absence of seed production. The seed production of mature communities in suitable habitats could reach up to (1724 ± 101) seeds/m2. The results of seed storage, dormancy, and germination experiments showed that the seeds of S. mariqueter matured in autumn with an inherent dormancy state. After being buried in soil seed banks, the seeds enter enforced dormancy during winter. These seeds can germinate rapidly in spring when temperature and moisture conditions in favorable habitats become suitable. However, if the seeds experience environmental stresses during this period, such as deep sedimentation or flooding, they cannot germinate and instead will re-enter induced dormancy during the high temperatures of summer. Seeds in induced dormancy require another process of vernalization to break dormancy and germinate under suitable conditions. The seeds of S. mariqueter can survive for many years after entering induced dormancy and can be placed in a persistent seed bank. The findings of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of seed biology for S. mariqueter and provide an important scientific basis for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of S. mariqueter populations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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C-T Net: Remote sensing image change detection model integrating CNN and Transformer Yi WU, Shilin YUN J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (4): 49-60.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.04.005 Abstract （799）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （4156KB）（140）       Knowledge map    Save Due to factors such as differences in acquisition time, angle, and sensor characteristics, dual temporal remote sensing images often manifest various pseudo-changes. Moreover, certain changes may have an uninteresting nature and typically correlate with adjacent objects. However, the utilization of a fully convolutional neural network (FCN) may lead to the loss of long-range information. To address this issue, this study proposes a network that integrates convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Transformer (C-T Net), which has an overall network architecture consisting of a deep feature extraction section and a detection head section. The network backbone combines CNN and Swin Transformer. Additionally, two novel fusion modules, C-to-T and T-to-C, are designed to amalgamate local features and global features. The detection head section utilizes Transformer encoding and decoding to derive refined feature maps for discerning change regions. Comparative experiments with multiple change detection models validate the efficacy of C-T Net. On the LEVIR-CD and WHU-CD datasets, the proposed method achieves the highest F1_1 (90.63%, 86.24%) and $ {p}_{\mathrm{I}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{U}} \_1 $(82.87%, 75.81%). Results across both datasets affirm that our proposed algorithm outperforms existing methodologies from both visual and data-centric perspectives. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Development of estuarine tidal flat vegetation index based on Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing Ke YE, Bo TIAN, Yuchun WANG J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 141-153.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.014 Abstract （759）   HTML （9）    PDF（pc） （4525KB）（51）       Knowledge map    Save Owing to the tidal dynamic inundation, the vegetation information of low cover saltmarsh located at the front of tidal flat and edge of tidal ditch in the estuarine and coastal area is difficult to accurately extract using common terrestrial vegetation indices. This study considered the tidal flat wetland in the Yangtze River Estuary as research area. Based on the comparison and evaluation of commonly used terrestrial vegetation indices, combined with the humidity index, a vegetation index ETFVI (Estuarine Tidal Flat Vegetation Index) suitable for the intended region was developed. The accuracy of the extracted vegetation distribution information and the inverted fractional vegetation cover results was verified. The results suggested that, compared with the commonly used eight vegetation indices, ETFVI improved the extraction accuracy and F1 score of vegetation distribution information by 10.38% and 6.9%, respectively, compared to the second place considering the impact of humidity changes of underlying surface on vegetation indices. The fractional vegetation cover inversion results based on ETFVI are consistent with the actual situation, with the lowest mean relative error among various vegetation indices. The study results can provide new ideas and methods for monitoring spatiotemporal changes of vegetation cover in estuarine tidal wetlands. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the status, hotspots, and trends of open-source innovation: A bibliometric study based on CNKI literature from 2005 to 2024 Rui WANG, Qiuyue LYU, Jia LIAO J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (5): 125-139.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.05.012 Abstract （757）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1646KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Save This study systematically analyzes the evolutionary characteristics and research hotspots of open- source innovation in China. A dataset comprising 732 valid journal articles, with “open-source” in the title, was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for the period 2005–2024. A bibliometric approach was employed to examine such dimensions as annual publication volume, disciplinary distribution, keyword co-occurrence and clustering, burst keywords, and timeline evolution. The results indicate that research in this field has progressed through three stages, initial exploration, steady development, and rapid growth, with a significant surge in publications over the past five years. Disciplinary distribution analysis reveals a multidisciplinary landscape centered on library and information science, computer science, and industrial technology, which extends to fields such as education, management, and law. Keyword clustering analysis identifies nine core research areas, accompanied by a review of the representative literature within each cluster. Timeline evolution analysis suggests that future research will likely focus on the deep integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and open-source ecosystems, the evolution of collaboration and governance models in open-source communities, open-source software security and supply chain risk identification, and open-source law and intellectual property protection. On the basis of these findings, we propose several recommendations to foster the sustainable development of open-source innovation in China, including strengthening the synergistic governance of AI and open-source ecosystems, enhancing supply chain security systems, advancing innovations in legal and licensing frameworks, and constructing a digital open-source infrastructure oriented toward industrial and public services. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preliminary study on the influence of high-level pond aquaculture effluent discharge on the lateral grain size distribution of beach surface sediments Gaocong LI, Jinling MO, Zhongduo WANG, Jieping TANG, Zhiqiang LI, Yali QI J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 86-96.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.009 Abstract （719）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （3270KB）（458）       Knowledge map    Save High-level pond aquaculture activity is common on the sandy coasts of South China. Exploring how its tailwater discharge process affects the sedimentary distribution pattern of the beach is crucial for the sustainable utilization and value-added services of coastal resources. Based on the characteristic values and distribution characteristics of surface sediment grain-size, grain composition, and grain-size parameters, this study explored the similarities and differences in grain-size distribution information between high-level pond beaches and normal beaches in the eastern part of Leizhou Peninsula, as well as the reasons behind them. The results showed that: ① the characteristic grain-sizes (D10, D50, and D90) of normal beaches were relatively close, while the high-level pond beaches exhibited larger differences; ② normal beaches mainly contained fine, medium, and coarse sand with similar content; however, no discernable pattern in the high-level pond beach profiles was observed; ③ the range of average grain-size, sorting coefficient, skewness, and kurtosis of normal beaches were relatively close, while the high-level pond beaches exhibited larger differences; and ④ normal beaches showed a trend of finer average grain-size, better sorting, and more negative skewness from land to sea, while the profiles of the high-level pond beaches mainly exhibited a reverse trend of coarser average grain-size, poorer sorting, and more positive skewness. The intermittent discharge process of tailwater from high-altitude aquaculture and its products, as well as the topography of gullies, were the main reasons for the differences in the lateral distribution of sediment between them and the unaffected beaches. This study provides a typical case of how high-level pond aquaculture activities affect the lateral grain-size distribution characteristics of beach surface sediments, which contributes to a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between human activities and beach sediment and geomorphic processes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of straw burial on the carbon sequestration function of eutrophic salt marsh wetlands Boyuan LIU, Xuechu CHEN, Xiaohan ZHANG, Wenhui YOU, Hualei YANG J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 34-41.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.004 Abstract （669）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （1212KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, in-situ simulated control experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of straw burial on vegetation recovery and carbon sequestration function of eutrophic salt marshes, by monitoring plant growth traits, photosynthetic characteristics, and greenhouse gas fluxes, as well as the soil organic carbon density measured at the end of the experiment. The results revealed that under a high exogenous nitrogen input, straw burial was beneficial for the growth of Phragmites australis and carbon sequestration of wetland, specifically by promoting CO2 uptake, inhibiting CH4 emissions, and increasing soil organic carbon density. The findings of this study aim to address the current lack of understanding regarding the carbon sequestration potential of salt marsh ecosystems. Through investigating the utilization of salt marsh straw, this study can provide technical support for vegetation restoration and carbon sequestration in the coastal wetlands, and may help promote the utilization of salt marsh straw. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Sedimentary records of environmental changes in the mussel farming area of Lyuhua Island Meiqun XIAO, Bing DENG, Guosen ZHANG, Jinzhou DU, Qianqian BI J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (2): 77-85.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.008 Abstract （606）   HTML （10）    PDF（pc） （934KB）（36）       Knowledge map    Save This study aimed to investigate the environmental changes in the mussel farming area of Lyuhua Island since the marine aquaculture boom in Shengsi County in 2000. Sedimentary records were established for a sediment core in the bay south of Lyuhua Island. Notably, compared to before 2000, the total nitrogen (TN) content decreased by approximately 23%, and total phosphorus (TP) content also slightly declined, suggesting a decrease in the nutrient levels in the study area. In addition, the stable isotope ratio of organic carbon (δ13Corg) became lighter after the year 2000, indicating a reduction in primary productivity. Combined with dating and grain size composition analysis, the sedimentary environment in this study area was relatively stable. The study area is within the influence range of the Changjiang Diluted Water. However, TN and δ13Corg showed a significant decreasing trend on the sediment surface. These results suggest that the decrease in nutrient levels in the study area can be primarily attributed to removing nutrients by mussel harvesting. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Open source evaluatology: A framework and methodology for evaluating open source ecosystems based on evaluatology Shengyu ZHAO, Wei WANG, Fanyu HAN, Jiaheng PENG, Lan YOU J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (5): 151-161.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.05.014 Abstract （604）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （670KB）（162）       Knowledge map    Save The open source ecosystem, as a critical component of the modern software industry, has garnered increasing attention from both academia and industry regarding its evaluation challenges. However, existing evaluation methods face issues such as inconsistent evaluation standards, lack of theoretical grounding, and poor comparability of evaluation results. Guided by foundational theories of evaluatology, this study introduced a novel interdisciplinary research domain, open source evaluatology, for the first time. It established a theoretical framework and methodological system for evaluating the open source ecosystem. The primary contributions of this paper include the following. Developing the theoretical foundation of open source evaluatology based on the five axioms of evaluatology and defining fundamental concepts, evaluation dimensions, and standards for open source ecosystem evaluation. Designing an evaluation conditions framework comprising five levels: problem definition, task instances, algorithm mechanisms, implementation examples, and supporting systems. A hybrid evaluation model combining statistical and network metrics was proposed. Based on the experiments conducted using the GitHub dataset, this study validated the proposed method from three dimensions: open source repositories, developers, and communities. The results demonstrated that the proposed evaluation model exhibited strong applicability and explanatory power in open source scenarios. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spectroscopic study on the ${\rm{A}}^2{{\text{∑}}^{ +}}$–X2Π1/2 transition spectra of PbF molecules Jianuan PAN, Chengcheng ZHU, Hailing WANG J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (3): 43-50.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.03.006 Abstract （586）   HTML （7）    PDF（pc） （1080KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save This study presents the preparation of PbF radicals via the reaction of Pb plasma, generated by the laser ablation of lead, with SF6/Ar gas mixture. Moreover, the vibrational-rotational bands of the ${\rm{A}}^2{\text{∑}}^{ +}$–X2Π1/2 transition of PbF molecule were measured using laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The molecular constants $ {T}_{0} $, $ B $, $ D $, $ \gamma $ and $ p $ for the vibrational levels $ v $ = 0 and $ v $ = 1 of the PbF molecule in the ${\rm{A}}^2{\text{∑}}^{ +}$ state. The data provide effective information for electronic electric dipole moment(eEDM) measurement. Additionally, the fluorescence lifetime of the PbF molecule in the $v=0$ vibrational state of the ${\rm{A}}^2{\text{∑}}^{ +}$ state was measured. Finally, the Franck-Condon factors for the ${\rm{A}}^2{\text{∑}}^{ +}$–X2Π1/2 transition were calculated using the Morse potential and Rydberg-Klein-Rees inversion(RKR)/LEVEL methods, indicating that PbF molecules are unsuitable for laser cooling research. The above results enrich the understanding of PbF molecular spectrum and provide key references for future studies on precise eEDM measurements. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on bacterial community structure in the intestine of Litopenaeus vannamei and its cultivation environment Qin JIN, Chuwen QIU, Xincheng YUAN J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (4): 104-113.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.04.011 Abstract （584）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （2599KB）（685）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial community structure of Litopenaeus vannamei in different cultivation environments. An Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing-based method was used for detecting the 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei and water and sediment samples from cultivation ponds. The results showed that the bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei and in the cultivation environment included 62 phyla, 175 classes, 381 orders, 631 families, 1141 genera, and 2035 species. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla in the intestine of L. vannamei, with average percentages of 33.67%, 25.33%, and 12.77%, respectively. Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria in the sediments, accounting for 28.33%, 17.33%, and 11.13%, respectively. The dominant bacteria in the water were Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Proteobacteria, with average percentages of 29.33%, 27.0%, and 21.33%, respectively. The abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) and Chao diversity index of bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei were higher than those in the water, while lower than those in the sediments. The bacterial community richness in the intestine of L. vannamei was similar to that in water, but higher than that in the sediments. The Shannon index of the bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei was higher than that in the sediments, but lower than that in water. The Simpson index of the bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei was higher than that in the sediments but lower than that in the water. Nevertheless, some dominant bacterial species were similar in the intestine of L. vannamei and in the cultivation environment. At the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, 1492 identical units were detected in the intestines of L. vannamei and sediments, and 588 identical units were detected in the intestine of L. vannamei and water. Both cluster and principal coordinate analyses showed that the bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei was relatively similar to that in the sediments. This study explored the relationship between the bacterial community in the intestine of L. vannamei and its cultivation environment, providing valuable data for the scientific use of environmental probiotics, quality and production, and disease and epidemic prevention. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Computational study of rutile-structured RuO2 using NMTO method Yue XIANG, Min LIANG, Yisu WANG, Wenhui XIE J* E* C* N* U* N* S*    2025, 2025 (3): 100-108.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.03.012 Abstract （566）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （2149KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, we employed a density functional theory to perform self-consistent calculations on rutile-structured RuO2. The results reveal that when electronic correlation effects are included, RuO2 exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering with alternating magnetic characteristics; however, without these effects, RuO2 remains nonmagnetic. A comparison between the results of the NMTO(Nth-order muffin-tin orbital) method and those obtained using the pseudopotential plane-wave method in VASP(Vienna ab-initio simulation package) indicated that the NMTO method can effectively describe the physical properties of the loosely packed rutile structure of RuO2. Additionally, by combining the NMTO method with its unique downfolding technique, we successfully obtained tight-binding model parameters for Ru d-electronic orbitals. These parameters are highly consistent with those derived from VASP combined with maximally localized Wannier functions, showing minimal differences. This study demonstrates that the NMTO method can accurately describe the properties of RuO2 and provide reliable tight-binding parameters via its downfolding technique, thereby providing a deeper understanding of the physical properties of the material. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）