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Comprehensive review on green synthesis of bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid Lei ZHAO, Zelin LI, Bolong LI, Shuchang BIAN, Jianhua WANG, Hailan ZHANG, Chen ZHAO Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 160-169.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.016 Abstract （2342）   HTML （107）    PDF （1090KB）（1455）       Knowledge map    Bio-based 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is expected to partially replace petroleum-based terephthalic acid (PTA) for the synthesis of high-performance polymer materials. This review article summarizes the latest achievements on the various synthesis routes of FDCA from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), furoic acid, furan, diglycolic acid, hexaric acid, 2,5-dimethylfuran, and 2-methylfuran. In particular, the direct oxidation, heterogeneous thermal catalytic oxidation, photoelectric catalytic oxidation of HMF and furoic acid carboxylation, disproportionation, carbonylation, and other routes to synthesize FDCA are reviewed in detail. Based on the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each route, the HMF route and the furoic acid route are considered the most promising candidates for the large-scale production of FDCA. Further exploration and future research should be carried out to improve the catalytic production and separation efficiency of FDCA, simplify the reaction process, and reduce production wastes. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recognition of classroom learning behaviors based on the fusion of human pose estimation and object detection Zejie WANG, Chaomin SHEN, Chun ZHAO, Xinmei LIU, Jie CHEN Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (2): 55-66.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.02.007 Abstract （1970）   HTML （154）    PDF （1026KB）（2070）       Knowledge map    As a result of ongoing advances in artificial intelligence technology, the potential for learning analysis in teaching evaluation and educational data mining is gradually being recognized. In classrooms, artificial intelligence technology can help to enable automated student behavior analysis, so that teachers can effectively and intuitively grasp students’ learning behavior engagement; the technology, moreover, can provide data to support subsequent improvements in learning design and implementation of teaching interventions. The main scope of the research is as follows: Construct a classroom student behavior dataset that provides a basis for subsequent research; Propose a behavior detection method and a set of feasible, high-precision behavior recognition models. Based on the global features of the human posture extracted from the Openpose algorithm and the local features of the interactive objects extracted by the YOLO v3 algorithm, student behavior can be identified and analyzed to help improve recognition accuracy; Improve the model structure, compress and optimize the model, and reduce the consumption of computing power and time. Four behaviors closely related to the state of learning engagement: listening, turning sideways, bowing, and raising hands are recognized. The accuracy of the detection and recognition method on the verification set achieves 95.45%. The recognition speed and accuracy of common behaviors, such as playing with mobile phones and writing, are greatly improved compared to the original model. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Cu-based catalysts in the electroreduction of carbon dioxide Jing TANG, Zining ZHANG, Xiang ZHENG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 149-159.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.015 Abstract （1302）   HTML （40）    PDF （1081KB）（830）       Knowledge map    To achieve the national strategy of carbon neutralization, the electroreduction of carbon dioxide into usable reagents via renewable energy has caused widespread concern in the scientific community. Cu-based electrocatalysts can reduce carbon dioxide to high value-added multi carbon products, but the catalytic mechanism still needs to be studied to improve its selectivity and efficiency. Depending on the state of the Cu, Cu-based catalysts can be divided into Cu alloy/composite catalysts, single-atom, oriented crystalline, and oxidized Cu-based catalysts. This paper introduced the common preparation methods, structural characteristics, effect of electro catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, and possible catalytic mechanism of the four types of Cu-based catalysts mentioned above. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Braided vector algebra $ V(R',R) $ Hongmei HU Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2021, 2021 (6): 33-37.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.06.004 Abstract （1146）   HTML （50）    PDF （472KB）（146）       Knowledge map    Braided vector algebras are an important class of Hopf algebras in braided tensor categories. In this paper, it is shown that braided vector algebras are isomorphic to quantum vector spaces as associative algebras; hence, the algebraic structure of braided vector algebras and three equalities of the pair $ (R',R)$ are recovered from representations of quantized enveloping algebras $ U_q(\mathfrak g)$ . Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Natural products: A bridge between new targets and novel pesticide discovery Zhengqi FANG, Shuanhu GAO, Haibing HE Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 21-30.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.003 Abstract （989）   HTML （44）    PDF （3235KB）（570）       Knowledge map    Pesticides are important tools to control crop diseases and pest hazards, guaranteeing the crop harvest. Natural products and their derivatives are major sources of novel pesticides and play indispensable roles in various fields, such as insecticide, fungicide, plant growth regulation, immune regulation and so on. In recent years, numerous fields of biotechnology have made great progress, like genomics, proteomics and structural biology. And thus, the identification of pesticide targets based on natural products and the creation of novel pesticide molecules based on target structures developed rapidly. The concept, rational design, received more attention in pesticide creation. In this article, the discovery of active natural products based on existed targets or novel targets verifying by natural products were demonstrated by several cases, and the subsequent progress in the development of new pesticides were also discussed. The cases explained the important role of natural products in bridging new targets and novel pesticides. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on pollution and degradation of plastic waste Kaizhen MIAO, Jiaolong MENG, Xuefeng JIANG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 170-176.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.017 Abstract （988）   HTML （48）    PDF （1177KB）（526）       Knowledge map    Plastics are widely used in daily life owing to their light weight, portability, and affordability. However, post-consumer-waste plastics do not degrade easily in the natural environment, making plastic pollution a new global environmental issue. Thus, exploration in the field of plastic degradation has increased in recent years. To promote the treatment of plastic waste and provide a scientific reference for environmental protection and sustainable development, this study describes the current state of plastic pollution. It also systematically summarizes various research fields of plastic degradation and presents the development prospect of photocatalysis and bio-based plastics in the future. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey of few-shot instance segmentation methods Xueming ZHOU, Dingjiang HUANG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (5): 136-146.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.05.012 Abstract （979）   HTML （27）    PDF （968KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Instance segmentation is an important task in computer vision. In recent years, the development of meta- and few-shot learning has promoted the combination of computer vision learning tasks, which has overcome the bottleneck of detection and classification with regard to objects that are difficult to manually label and those with high labeling costs. Although great progress has been made with few-shot semantic segmentation and object detection, instance segmentation based on few-shot learning has not become a research hotspot until very recently. Beginning with an overview of few-shot instance segmentation, existing approaches are divided into categories of anchor-based and anchor-free algorithms. The architectures and primary technologies behind those approaches are respectively discussed, and common datasets and evaluation indices are described. Additionally, advantages and disadvantages of algorithm performance are analyzed, and future development directions and challenges are presented. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of microplastics and attached organisms in marine environment Daoji LI, Xuri DONG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (3): 1-7.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.001 Abstract （979）   HTML （915）    PDF （475KB）（630）       Knowledge map    In recent years, white pollution caused by waste plastics has attracted widespread attention. Microplastics, which are smaller than 5 mm, are widely distributed in the marine environment. The organisms attached to microplastic surfaces include potential pathogenic bacteria that are harmful to marine life and even human health, as well as plastic-degrading bacteria that can reduce their pollution. Microplastics are difficult to degrade, so they can exist in the aquatic environment for a long time, and the microorganisms attached to their surface can also live stably. In addition, microplastics may pass through the food chain to organisms at higher nutritional levels, and may be eaten by fish and affect fish growth. This paper reviews the distribution of microplastics in the ocean and the potential effects of harmful substances contained or attached to the microplastic surface on organisms. The ecological effects of pathogenic microorganisms attached to the surface of microplastics and plastic decomposition microorganisms, as well as the potential of microplastic transmission to high nutritional levels through the food chain were discussed. The ecological risk of microplastic distribution and surface-attached organisms was analyzed. Furtherly, it is still necessary to understand the impact of plastic waste and microplastics on the marine ecosystem, so as to fully understand the ecological effects of marine microplastics and their attachments, and provide a scientific basis for marine plastic pollution control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of Ag@Au bimetallic nanoparticles Tianchen ZHAO, Xiaolei ZHANG, Shitao LOU Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (1): 43-51.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.01.006 Abstract （900）   HTML （57）    PDF （973KB）（982）       Knowledge map    Ag nanoparticles were first prepared using a seed-based thermal synthetic procedure. The monometallic particles were then transformed into bimetallic particles via a galvanic replacement reaction. A transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and absorption spectrum were subsequently used for characterization. By controlling the amount of seed added, the ultrasonic exposure, and the centrifugal time, we can effectively tune the size of the particles and the localized surface plasmon resonance peak positions. The TDBC film can be wrapped on the surface of the metallic nanostructures by a ligand exchange reaction to achieve strong coupling between surface plasmon and molecular excitons. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Chinese experience at the International Mathematical Olympiad Bin XIONG, Peijie JIANG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2021, 2021 (6): 1-14.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.06.001 Abstract （798）   HTML （725）    PDF （1371KB）（527）       Knowledge map    The International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) is one of the most important and influential global youth intellectual competitions. However, there is little research on how to effectively organize the competition at the national level to help cultivate talent in mathematics, science, and technology. The Mathematical Olympiad originated from a competition to solve mathematical problems. Many outstanding mathematicians and scientists have been prior winners of the IMO and have reaped benefits subsequently to some extent. The Mathematical Olympiad helps to select and train gifted students in mathematics. China’s outstanding historical achievements in the IMO have attracted the attention of the world. Many of China’s students, who exhibited exceptional performance at the IMO, later became outstanding mathematicians, scientists, and technologists. These achievements need to be publicized, and the Chinese experience at the Mathematical Olympiad needs to be summarized and promoted. This article summarizes the history of the IMO and reviews the practices of the IMO in China based on the literature. China uses a number of strategies to ensure outstanding results in the IMO, including: the selection of contestants from existing domestic programs (National High School Mathematics Joint Competition, Chinese Mathematical Olympiad, and National Training Team); a multi-level educational system based on school training; and the accumulation and publication of relevant learning materials. The outbreak of the novel coronavirus has affected the normal proceedings of the IMO, but China has implemented effective countermeasures. There are still some misunderstandings about the Mathematical Olympiad in China. By introducing prior contestants, who have participated in the IMO and made outstanding contributions, China can help the public better appreciate the Mathematical Olympiad. At the same time, the Chinese experience at the IMO is an important reference for other countries in organizing competition training and selecting and nurturing gifted students in mathematics. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of zeolite-confined subnanometric cluster catalysts Yue MA, Hao XU, Yueming LIU, Kun ZHANG, Peng WU, Mingyuan HE Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 82-94.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.00.009 Abstract （774）   HTML （27）    PDF （5085KB）（609）       Knowledge map    The design of efficient and stable supported metal catalysts to prevent metal species from sintering into large nanoparticles under harsh preparation and reaction conditions is key for various important processes, including the conversion of C1 resources and dehydrogenation of low carbon alkanes to C2 and C3 olefins. Zeolites with uniform subnano micropores and various three-dimensional crystalline structures have been proven as ideal supports for preparing highly efficient and stable metal catalysts via encapsulating subnanometric metal clusters within their pores, cages, and channels. Interactions between metal clusters and the zeolite skeleton can regulate their geometric and electronic structure. The development of zeolite-confined subnanometric cluster catalysts aims to take advantage of this joint confinement effect and induce synergy between guest metal species and active sites in host zeolite frameworks. This can further improve the catalytic activity of resultant composite catalysts, for applications in multiple catalytic reaction processes . In this review, typical preparation methods of zeolite-confined subnanometric clusters and their catalytic applications in selective hydrogenation of CO2 and alkynes, hydrogen generation by formic acid decomposition and ammonia borane hydrolysis, and propane dehydrogenation to propene are discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of remaining useful life of aeroengines based on the Transformer with multi-feature fusion Yilin MA, Huiling TAO, Qiwen DONG, Ye WANG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (5): 219-232.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.05.018 Abstract （758）   HTML （32）    PDF （1754KB）（668）       Knowledge map    As the core components of aircraft, engines play a vital role during flight. Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life of the aeroengine can help prognostics and health management, thus preventing major accidents and saving maintenance costs. In view of the lack of consideration of different time steps and the relationship between different sensors and operating conditions in existing methods, a remaining useful life prediction method based on the Transformer was proposed, which fuses multi-feature outputs from different encoder layers. This method selects two input data with different time steps, analyzes the relationship between the sensors using permutation entropy, and extracts features independently from the operating condition data. The experimental results on the public aeroengine dataset CMAPSS (Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation) show that the proposed method is superior to other advanced remaining useful life prediction methods. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Electrodeposition performance of a copper-based catalyst for the electroreduction of CO2 Meng’en CHU, Chunjun CHEN, Haihong WU, Mingyuan HE, Buxing HAN Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 129-139.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.013 Abstract （730）   HTML （26）    PDF （4857KB）（574）       Knowledge map    To improve the catalytic performance of copper-based catalysts in the electroreduction of CO2, nitrotriacetic acid (NTA) was used as an additive to prepare copper-based catalysts having a three-dimensional structure by applying electrodeposition. The prepared catalysts exhibited excellent selectivity and activity for the electroreduction of CO2 to multi-carbon (C2+) products. At –1.26 V vs. RHE, the faradaic efficiency of C2H4 and C2+ products over the Cu-0.5/CP electrode reached 44.0% and 61.6%, respectively, and the total current density reached 12.3 mA·cm–2. In addition, Pd- and Zn-based catalysts were prepared by employing electrodeposition; the results showed that their selectivity for CO was significantly improved, proving that NTA has a certain universality in the preparation of electrocatalysts by using electrodeposition. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D obstacle-avoidance for a unmanned aerial vehicle based on the improved artificial potential field method Lanfeng ZHOU, Mingyue KONG Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (6): 54-67.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.06.007 Abstract （715）   HTML （22）    PDF （2858KB）（522）       Knowledge map    This paper aims to address the challenge of seeking an optimal safe path for a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) from an initial position to a target position, while avoiding all obstacles in a three-dimensional environment. An improved APF (artificial potential field) method combined with the regular hexagon guidance method is proposed to solve unreachable and local minimum problems near obstacles as observed with traditional artificial potential field methods. First, we add a distance correction factor to the repulsive potential field function to solve problems associated with unreachable targets. Then, a regular hexagon-guided method is proposed to improve the local minimum problem. This method can judge the environment when the UAV is trapped in a local minimum point or trap area and select the appropriate planning method to guide the UAV to escape from the local minimum area. Then, 3D modeling and simulation were carried out via Matlab, taking into account a variety of scenes involving complex obstacles. The results show that this method has good feasibility and effectiveness in real-time path planning of UAVs. Lastly, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in a real environment, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively avoid obstacles and find the optimal path. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Enabling self-attention based multi-feature anomaly detection and classification of network traffic Yuting HUANGFU, Liying LI, Haizhou WANG, Fuke SHEN, Tongquan WEI Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2021, 2021 (6): 161-173.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.06.016 Abstract （713）   HTML （50）    PDF （1174KB）（470）       Knowledge map    Network traffic anomaly detection based on feature selection has attracted great research interest. Most existing schemes detect anomalies by reducing the dimensionality of traffic data, but ignore the correlation between data features; this results in inefficient detection of anomaly traffic. In order to effectively identify various types of attacks, a model based on a self-attentive mechanism is proposed to learn the correlation between multiple features of network traffic data. Then, a novel multi-feature anomalous traffic detection and classification model is designed, which analyzes the correlation between multiple features of the anomalous traffic data and subsequently identifies anomalous network traffic. Experimental results show that, compared to two benchmark methods, the proposed technique increased the accuracy of anomaly detection and classification by a maximum of 1.65% and reduced the false alarm rate by 1.1%. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of silicon/carbon composite structure on its electrochemical performance as a lithium-ion battery anode Xiaohua TIAN, Chenlu YU, Han ZHENG, Zhuo SUN, Zhejuan ZHANG, Xianqing PIAO Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (1): 52-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.01.007 Abstract （697）   HTML （60）    PDF （1541KB）（397）       Knowledge map    Porous silicon/hard carbon composite (Si@CTS) was successfully fabricated using liquidphase encapsulation and a low-temperature pyrolysis process, in which silicon particles from cutting waste in the manufacturing of crystalline silicon solar cells was used as a raw material and chitosan as carbon source. In this paper, the electrochemical performance of Si@CTS and a mixture of Si@CTS and graphite (Si@CTS/G) as anode materials of a lithium-ion battery was studied. The Si@CTS electrode showed a high discharge specific capacity of 1672.8 mAh/g and a high initial coulombic efficiency of 84.45%. After 100 cycles, the Si@CTS retained a reversible capacity of 626.4 mAh/g. The discharge specific capacity of the Si@CTS/G composite was 698.1 mAh/g; hence, the discharge specific capacity of the Si@CTS/G composite was higher than that of Si@CTS and offered better stability. The findings are critical for mass manufacture and deployment of silicon/carbon anodes with high capacity and stability in lithium-ion batteries. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in synthesis of methyl glyoxylate by selective oxidation of methyl glycolate with molecular oxygen Hao WANG, Guofeng ZHAO, Yong LU Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2023, 2023 (1): 104-113.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.011 Abstract （685）   HTML （9）    PDF （834KB）（454）       Knowledge map    Methyl glyoxylate is widely used in organic synthesis and chemical production. The application of traditional preparation methods is limited by high cost, low efficiency, and significant environmental pollution. During the coal to ethylene glycol process, methyl glycolate is produced as an intermediate product of the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) to ethylene glycol. Methyl glycolate can be selectively obtained from DMO via hydrogenation, and therefore, has the potential to serve as raw material for methyl glyoxylate. However, only few studies have considered this process. Herein , the applications, traditional preparation methods, and state-of-the-art research progress of methyl glycolate oxidation are reviewed. Recent research on selective oxidation of related alcohols (such as ethanol) to aldehydes and ketones is also summarized. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on joint computation offloading and resource allocation strategy for mobile edge computing Dongqing HUANG, Liyang YU, Jue CHEN, Tongquan WEI Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2021, 2021 (6): 88-99.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.06.010 Abstract （661）   HTML （79）    PDF （1073KB）（472）       Knowledge map    With the emergence of low-latency applications such as driverless cars, online gaming, and virtual reality, it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet users’ demands for service quality using the traditional centralized mobile cloud computing model. In order to make up for the shortages of cloud computing, mobile edge computing came into being, which provides users with computing and storage resources by migrating computing tasks to network edge servers through computation offloading. However, most of the existing work processes only consider single-objective performance optimization of delay or energy consumption, and do not consider the balanced optimization of delay and energy consumption. Therefore, in order to reduce task delay and equipment energy consumption, a multi-user joint computation offloading and resource allocation strategy is proposed. In this strategy, the Lagrange multiplier method is used to obtain the optimal allocation of computing resources for a given offloading decision. Then, a computation offloading algorithm based on a greedy algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal offloading decision; the final solution is obtained through continuous iteration. Experimental results show that, compared with the benchmark algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce system costs by up to 40%. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Trends, challenges, and mitigation strategies for the use of sand and gravel resources in China Shurong ZHUANG, Aurora TORRES, Ruishan CHEN, Chao YE Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (3): 137-147.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.014 Abstract （652）   HTML （84）    PDF （1177KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Sand, gravel, and crushed rock—together referred to as construction aggregates—are the world’s most extracted solid materials by mass. China’s annual consumption of construction aggregates reached over 20 billion tons in 2018, accounting for nearly half of global consumption. This article provides an overview of the use of sand and gravel in China, including current supply and demand conflicts and the impacts of mining, transportation, and use. We highlight that: ① the national demand for sand and gravel has continued to grow in the last two decades; crushed rock has become the main source of construction aggregates, whereas the supply of river sand has significantly declined; and ② there are significant environmental, economic, and social challenges associated with sand and gravel mining, transportation, and use, including the emergence of illicit supply networks. We then discuss opportunities to ensure sand and gravel supply, minimize mining impacts, and promote sustainable trajectories for the Chinese aggregates industry. First, the quantification of the material flows and stocks of construction aggregates that includes geological and anthropogenic stocks is crucial to identify supply bottlenecks and ensure more efficient use of resources. This requires establishing a reliable data monitoring system. Second, the government should increase investment and establish relevant institutions to optimize supply systems and minimize their impacts, strengthen the regulatory framework, promote the uptake of alternative materials, and establish standards and implement best practices in the aggregates industry. Finally, interdisciplinary integrated research is needed to analyze the existing challenges associated with the supply of sand and gravel resources as well as the potential and risks of adaptation strategies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Yolk-shell silicon anode material coated with nitrogen-doped carbon Kaijing BAO, Zhaokai ZHANG, Xianqing PIAO, Zhuo SUN Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)    2022, 2022 (1): 22-30.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.01.004 Abstract （649）   HTML （213）    PDF （1375KB）（462）       Knowledge map    Using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as the carbon source, melamine as the nitrogen source, and NaOH as the etchant, a nitrogen-doped carbon-coated silicon (Si@void@N-C) anode material with a yolk-shell structure was synthesized. The samples were characterized and tested by XRD, SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, TEM, and electrochemical tests; the results confirmed that a Si@void@NC composite anode material with a yolk-shell structure was successfully synthesized. The material was found to have excellent electrochemical performance. The initial capacity reached 1282.3 mA/g after charging and discharging at a current density of 0.1 A/g. After 100 cycles, its specific capacity was as high as 994.2 mAh/g with a capacity retention of 77.5%, demonstrating good cycle performance. The nitrogen-doped carbon shell of the Si@void@N-C material helps with the electrical conductivity of the composite material. Meanwhile, the yolk-shell structure effectively alleviates the volume effect of silicon; this feature is beneficial to the formation of a stable SEI film and improves the cycle stability of the battery. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics