This study investigated the heavy metal distribution characteristics, assess the pollution status, and identify potential pollution sources. A total of 514 topsoil samples were collected in the public area of the industrial park, and 11 element concentrations were tested. The concentration distribution of heavy metals was characterized on the plane using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our research involved the application of various analytical methods, including single factor index analysis, potential ecological risk index assessment, and principal component analysis-absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (PCA-APCS-MLR). The results revealed that all 10 heavy metals, except for Cr (Ⅵ) which was below the detection limit, were detected in concentrations surpassing the background values. The regional proportion were Cu (86%) > Cd (71%) > Co (53%) > Ni (50%) > Be (45%) > As (42%) > Sb (40%) > Pb (23%) > V (16%) > Hg (4%), and the concentrations of all major elements were relatively high. Moreover, there were areas with extremely strong (Cd element proportion was 1.7%, Sb element proportion was 1.5%) and very strong (Cd element proportion is 1.0%, Sb element proportion is 0.2%) ecological risk levels. They were all located near large chemical enterprises on the northwest side of the park. The composite ecological risk index of heavy metals in surface soil belonged to moderate ecological hazards, and there was a certain degree of ecological hazard risk. The main heavy metal pollution sources in the surface soil of the study area included chemical and combustion sources, natural sources, and transportation sources, accounting for 27.2%, 17.0%, and 11.0% of the pollution load, respectively.