太原市景观水体微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.001

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (1): 1-13.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.001

• 流域新兴污染物分布与生态风险 • 上一篇下一篇

太原市景观水体微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

张彤¹^,²(), 孔书麟¹^,², 严广寒¹^,², 黄民生¹^,²^,*(), 余意¹^,², 陈永恩², 卢珂²

1. 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
2. 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室, 太原　030009

收稿日期:2025-06-13 接受日期:2025-10-15 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
通讯作者: 黄民生 E-mail:ZTong_777@163.com;mshuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:张　彤, 女, 博士研究生, 研究方向为水环境治理与修复. E-mail: ZTong_777@163.com
基金资助:
水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室建设期科研计划项目(SWRFZYLY202502, SWRFZYLY202503)

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters of Taiyuan City

Tong ZHANG¹^,²(), Shulin KONG¹^,², Guanghan YAN¹^,², Minsheng HUANG¹^,²^,*(), Yi YU¹^,², Yong’en CHEN², Ke LU²

1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Prevention and Utilization, Taiyuan　030009, China

Received:2025-06-13 Accepted:2025-10-15 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
Contact: Minsheng HUANG E-mail:ZTong_777@163.com;mshuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究太原市景观水体微塑料的分布特征及生态风险, 于丰水期 (8月) 和枯水期 (11月) 采集了6个公园水体的表层水样, 利用体视显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析微塑料丰度、形态及聚合物组成, 并结合水质参数进行相关性分析及生态风险评估. 结果表明, 枯水期的微塑料丰度 ((17.79±8.41) items/L) 高于丰水期 ((7.75±4.30) items/L), 滨河郊野公园水体因邻近污水处理厂排污口, 丰度显著高于其他区域; 形状特征以纤维状 (79.35%~88.62%)、蓝色 (60.69%~78.64%) 和小粒径 (0.02~2 mm, 84.80%~91.10%) 为主; 主要聚合物成分包括人造丝、聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯, 表明城市生活污水和纺织品纤维脱落是主要污染源; 微塑料分布受水文条件与氮磷浓度共同影响, 丰水期的丰度与水温呈负相关 (p<0.05), 枯水期的丰度与氨氮 (${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N)、硝氮 (${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N)、总磷 (TP) 等呈显著正相关 (p<0.01); 生态风险具有显著的季节性和空间差异, 枯水期森林公园、龙潭公园和晋祠公园水体采样点因高毒性聚合物 (聚丙烯腈和聚氨酯) 积累, 潜在生态风险指数 (Potential Ecological Risk Index, PERI) 显著升高, 风险等级可达Ⅳ—Ⅴ级. 本研究可为北方城市景观水体中微塑料污染状况及风险评估提供参考.

关键词: 微塑料, 景观水体, 分布特征, 风险评估, 水质参数

Abstract:

To investigate the distribution characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in landscape waters in Taiyuan City, surface water samples were collected from six park waters during the wet season (August) and dry season (November). The abundance, morphology, and polymer composition of microplastics were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and correlation analysis and ecological risk assessment were performed based on certain water quality parameters. The microplastic abundance in the dry season ((17.79±8.41) items/L) was found to be higher than that in the wet season ((7.75±4.30) items/L). The landscape water body in Binhe Country Park, located near the effluent outlet of a wastewater treatment plant, exhibited significantly higher microplastic abundance than other areas. The morphological characteristics were dominated by fibrous (79.35%~88.62%), blue (60.69%~78.64%), and small (0.02~2 mm, 84.80%~91.10%) particles. The primary polymer components were rayon (RY), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), indicating that domestic sewage and textile fiber migration were the primary sources of pollution. The distribution of microplastics was jointly influenced by hydrological conditions and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The abundance in the wet season was negatively correlated with water temperature (p<0.05), and significantly positively correlated with ammonia nitrogen (${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N), nitrate nitrogen (${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N), total phosphorus (TP), etc. (p<0.01) in the dry season. The ecological risks showed significant seasonal and spatial variation. During the dry season, the sampling sites at Forest Park, Longtan Park, and Jinci Park showed markedly elevated potential ecological risk index (PERI) values owing to the accumulation of high-toxicity polymers (polyacrylonitrile and polyurethane), and the risk level could reach Ⅳ−Ⅴ. This study may provide valuable insights for the pollution status and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters in northern cities.

Key words: microplastics, landscape water, distribution characteristics, risk assessment, water quality parameters

中图分类号:

张彤, 孔书麟, 严广寒, 黄民生, 余意, 陈永恩, 卢珂. 太原市景观水体微塑料赋存特征及风险评估[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(1): 1-13.

Tong ZHANG, Shulin KONG, Guanghan YAN, Minsheng HUANG, Yi YU, Yong’en CHEN, Ke LU. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters of Taiyuan City[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(1): 1-13.

图/表 11

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水体简称	景观水体	水体类型	补水水源	所在区 (县)
SLGY	森林公园水体	湖池型水体	自来水+本地降水	尖草坪区
LTGY	龙潭公园水体	湖池型水体	自来水+本地降水	杏花岭区
YZGY	迎泽公园水体	湖池型水体	自来水+本地降水	迎泽区
FHSDGY	汾河湿地公园水体	复合型水体 (拦坝河道+支渠+湖池)	污水厂尾水+本地降水+引黄水	尖草坪区
BHJYGY	滨河郊野公园水体	拦坝河道	污水厂尾水+本地降水	晋源区
JCGY	晋祠公园水体	湖池型水体	引黄水+本地降水	晋源区

塑料聚合物	危害评分	塑料聚合物	危害评分
聚丙烯 (Polypropylene, PP)	1	聚氨酯 (Polyurethane, PU)	7384
聚乙烯 (Polyethylene, PE)	11	聚乙烯醇 (Polyvinyl Alcohol, PVA)	1
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)	4	聚丙烯酸 (Polyacrylic Acid, PAA)	230
聚丙烯-聚乙烯共聚物 (PP-PE)	12	聚丙烯腈 (Polyacrylonitrile, PAN)	11521
聚酰胺 (尼龙) (Polyamide, PA)	47	聚丙烯酸丁酯 (Polybutyl Acrylate, PBA)	–
人造丝 (Rayon, RY)	1

风险等级	PLI	PHI	PERI
Ⅰ	<10	<10	<150
Ⅱ	10~20	10~100	150~300
Ⅲ	20~30	100~1000	300~600
Ⅳ	≥30	≥1000	600~1200
Ⅴ			≥1200

点位	WT/ ℃	pH值	SD/ m	浊度/ NTU	DO/ (mg/L)	EC/ (mS/cm)	COD_Mn/ (mg/L)	TN/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N/ (mg/L)	TP/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P/ (mg/L)
SLGY	25.60	9.67	0.25	15.80	6.99	1.13	8.00	2.71	0.67	0.16	0.060	0.016
LTGY	27.30	9.04	0.25	12.35	5.26	0.73	5.19	3.80	0.96	0.23	0.066	0.017
YZGY	28.15	8.67	0.20	6.98	4.72	0.93	8.08	4.00	1.21	0.17	0.096	0.021
FHSDGY	27.30	8.38	0.32	16.49	5.84	1.44	5.92	3.77	1.07	0.43	0.091	0.035
BHJYGY	25.15	7.56	0.35	3.44	6.23	1.23	5.27	4.71	0.56	1.32	0.204	0.108
JCGY	26.25	9.19	0.30	12.28	8.69	1.43	6.97	2.74	1.09	0.23	0.048	0.012

点位	WT/ ℃	pH值	SD/ m	浊度/ NTU	DO/ (mg/L)	EC/ (mS/cm)	COD_Mn/ (mg/L)	TN/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N/ (mg/L)	TP/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P/ (mg/L)
SLGY	–1.25	9.12	0.90	2.98	5.52	0.42	4.71	3.69	0.16	0.20	0.050	0.014
LTGY	0.85	9.28	0.50	2.18	8.69	0.48	3.29	3.57	0.13	0.28	0.052	0.017
YZGY	0.15	9.23	0.50	4.09	7.78	0.57	5.43	3.71	0.18	0.21	0.057	0.019
FHSDGY	1.18	8.88	0.42	5.18	7.20	0.70	3.01	3.61	0.14	0.36	0.042	0.016
BHJYGY	–0.45	9.15	0.47	5.75	6.15	1.13	5.27	3.75	0.29	2.59	0.180	0.130
JCGY	–0.60	9.46	1.40	5.26	7.47	0.92	2.02	3.68	0.14	0.37	0.042	0.015

太原市景观水体微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters of Taiyuan City

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