华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (1): 14-24.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.002

• 流域新兴污染物分布与生态风险 • 上一篇    下一篇

太湖流域重点行业工业废水中微塑料赋存特征与风险评估研究

胡杨杨1,2,3,4, 刘畅1,3,4, 曹承进1,2,3,4,*(), 李俊豪1,2,3,4, 吴流星1,2,3,4, 朱锐云1,2,3,4, 黄民生1,2,3,4, 何岩1,2,3,4, 都皓辰1,3,4, 王磊1,2,3,4, 严欣霖1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学 生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
    2. 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室, 太原　030009
    3. 上海有机固废生物转化工程技术研究中心, 上海　200241
    4. 崇明生态研究院, 上海　202162
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17 接受日期:2025-11-21 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 曹承进 E-mail:cjcao@des.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划重点专项 (2024YFF0808803); 上海市自然科学基金 (21ZR1418600); 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室建设期科研计划项目(SWRFZYLY202503); 上海有机固废生物转化工程技术研究中心项目 (19DZ2254400)

Occurrence characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in industrial wastewater from key industries in the Taihu Lake Basin

Yangyang HU1,2,3,4, Chang LIU1,3,4, Chengjin CAO1,2,3,4,*(), Junhao LI1,2,3,4, Liuxing WU1,2,3,4, Ruiyun ZHU1,2,3,4, Minsheng HUANG1,2,3,4, Yan HE1,2,3,4, Haochen DU1,3,4, Lei WANG1,2,3,4, Xinlin YAN1,2,3,4   

  1. 1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
    2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Prevention and Utilization, Taiyuan　030009, China
    3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, Shanghai　200241, China
    4. Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai　202162, China
  • Received:2025-06-17 Accepted:2025-11-21 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Chengjin CAO E-mail:cjcao@des.ecnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

微塑料造成的环境污染是当前面临的重大环境问题之一, 工业源是微塑料的重要排放来源之一. 本研究着眼于工业废水中微塑料污染问题, 调研太湖流域重点行业工业废水中微塑料的分布特征. 结果显示, 太湖流域重点工业行业 (印染、化工、电镀行业) 中微塑料平均丰度为236.5~1348.0 items/L, 各类行业的微塑料主要以纤维状、尺寸小于1 mm的聚对苯甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯和聚乙烯为主. 污水处理厂混合废水中微塑料平均丰度为84.2 items/L, 微塑料形状分布均匀, 以尺寸小于1 mm的聚丙烯和聚对苯甲酸乙二醇酯为主. 混合废水和工业废水在微塑料组成上有统计学上的相似性, 其实际关联性较弱. 印染和化工废水的微塑料风险为极度危险, 电镀和混合废水的微塑料风险为危险, 亟需重视工业废水中的微塑料污染问题.

关键词: 太湖流域, 工业废水, 微塑料, 赋存特征, 风险评估

Abstract:

Microplastic pollution in the natural environment is a significant contemporary ecological challenge, with industrial sources constituting critical emission pathways. In this study, the distribution characteristics of microplastics in wastewaters from key industrial sectors (printing and dyeing, chemical, and electroplating) in the Taihu Lake Basin were investigated. The average microplastic abundance in various industrial wastewaters was found to range from 236.5 to 1348.0 items/L and predominantly comprised polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) in fibrous forms (<1 mm). In municipal wastewater treatment plants, the average microplastic abundance was 84.2 items/L, with the particles exhibiting uniformly distributed shapes dominated by PP and PET (<1 mm). Although statistical similarities in microplastic composition were observed between industrial and treated wastewaters, the actual correlation was weak, suggesting that industrial effluents serve as distinct sources of microplastics. The risk assessment classified printing and dyeing and chemical wastewaters as “extremely hazardous,” whereas electroplating and treated wastewaters were classified as “hazardous.” These findings underscore the need for stringent pollutant-source control and advanced treatment technologies to mitigate microplastic pollution in aquatic environments.

Key words: Taihu Lake Basin, industrial wastewater, microplastics, occurrence characteristics, risk assessment

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