华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 2012 ›› Issue (1): 1-10, 36.

• 环境工程 地理学 •    下一篇

河道沉积物中重金属的生态修复及根际细菌的原位检测

王 蕾1， 祁佩时1， 辛 明2   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工业大学 城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室，哈尔滨 150090； 2.东北农业大学 园艺学院，哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2010-11-01 修回日期:2011-01-01 出版日期:2012-01-25 发布日期:2012-01-26

Phytoremediation of heavy metals and rhizosphere detection of bacteria in a drainage river sediment

WANG Lei 1， QI Pei-shi 1， XIN Ming 2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China;
    2. Laboratory of vegetables, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • Received:2010-11-01 Revised:2011-01-01 Online:2012-01-25 Published:2012-01-26

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摘要： 调查分析了哈尔滨某排污河道化工区段表层沉积物中的重金属（Pb、Zn、Cr、As、Ni、Cu和Cd）含量，通过盆栽试验研究了4种当地具有金属耐性的植物（玉米、酸模叶蓼、龙葵和酸模）对受污染的河道沉积物中重金属的修复效果，进而调查了这4种植物对重金属赋值形态的影响、富集能力及重金属的转运能力.结果显示，排污河道沉积物受到多种重金属的复合污染.表层沉积物中重金属经过两季植物修复后，7种重金属的残渣态均有不同程度的减少，并且金属形态逐渐向铁锰氧化态及可交换态转化，结果说明供试植物能够调节沉积物中重金属的生物有效性.重金属在沉积物中与在植物体内具有相同的总含量趋势：Zn＞Pb＞Ni＞Cr＞Cu＞As＞Cd，该趋势也反映出4种供试植物的生物监测潜能.植物对重金属表现出不同的吸收特性,4种植物对Zn和Ni的富集量相对较大，而Cu在植物地上部分的含量普遍较低，Zn和Ni在植物组织中的含量范围分别为108.4~543.92 mg/kg和36.8~246.91 mg/kg.总体来说，这4种植物主要将金属元素积累在根部，而非地上部分，表现出对重金属的耐受性.酸模叶蓼、酸模和龙葵这3种植物的地上部分分别积累了高浓度的Pb、Zn和Cd，并且具有较高的转运系数（TF>1），反映出这3种植物对相应的重金属具有植物提取的潜力.采用荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH）技术，分析对照和经过栽培试验后根际沉积物中真细菌的数量和空间分布，结果表明植物对沉积物中的细菌有明显的活化作用.

关键词: 重金属, 沉积物, 生态修复, 荧光原位杂交

Abstract: Concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Ni, Cu and Cd) in a drainage river sediment were determined from the industrial area of Harbin city in Heilongjiang Province. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of four spontaneous plants, 〖WTBX〗Zea mays 〖WTBZ〗L., 〖WTBX〗Polygonum lapathifolium 〖WTBZ〗L., 〖WTBX〗Solanum nigrum〖WTBZ〗 L. and 〖WTBX〗Rumex patientia〖WTBZ〗 L. for heavy metals phytoremediation in the drainage river sediment contaminated with industrial effluent. The results revealed that the sediment was polluted by heavy metals. The contents of residual fractions of the 7 heavy metals decreased, while the Fe-Mn oxide fractions and exchangeable fractions consistently increased via two-season cultivations. Sequential extraction results confirmed the capability of the four plants to increase the bioavailability of these heavy metals. The concentrations of heavy metals in sediments and plants were in the same trend: Zn＞Pb ＞Ni＞Cr＞Cu＞As＞Cd, which reflected the biomonitoring potentialities of the tested plants. The heavy metals accumulations and translocations of the four plants were investigated. The results showed that the plants accumulated more Zn and Ni than the other metals; and the concentrations of Cu in shoots were low. Zinc and Ni levels in plant samples ranged from 108.4 mg/kg in shoots to 543.92 mg/kg in roots and 36.8 mg/kg in shoots to 246.91 mg/kg in roots of different species, respectively. Generally, the four species excluded multiple metals from the shoot tissues and accumulated in root zones, behaving as tolerant plants. However, polygonum lapathifolium L., Rumex patientia L. and Solanum nigrum L. showed high Pb, Zn and Cd shoot accumulation with high metal translocation factor (TF>1), respectively. It suggested the three species had phytoextraction potentialities. In addition, florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the amount and distribution of bacteria in the rhizosphere sediment. It suggested the four plants have effect on bacterial activations.

Key words: heavy metal, sediment, phytoremediation, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

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