水环境中SSRIs的污染特征与生态毒性研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂 (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, SSRIs) 是一类典型的抗抑郁药物, 因使用量大且在环境中难以降解, 已通过多种途径进入水体, 并在污水处理厂进出水、地表水及饮用水中被频繁检出, 因而受到广泛关注. 环境中存在的SSRIs可干扰水生生物正常生理功能, 诱发潜在的毒性效应, 进而可能通过饮用水或者食物链对人类健康构成威胁. 本文综述了SSRIs在水环境中的污染水平、来源与环境行为及其对不同水生生物的毒性作用, 旨在为新污染物的防控和水生生态系统的保护提供参考.

关键词: 抗抑郁药物, 选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂, 水环境, 污染特征, 生态毒性

Abstract:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a prominent class of antidepressant pharmaceuticals. Given their widespread use and persistence in the environment, SSRIs have entered aquatic systems through multiple pathways and have been frequently detected in influent and effluent samples from wastewater treatment plants, surface water, and even drinking water. Consequently, they are attracting increasing attention from communities concerned about the environment. The presence of SSRIs in aquatic environments may interfere with the normal physiological functions of aquatic organisms, potentially inducing toxic effects. Concern is also growing that these compounds may pose risks to human health through the consumption of contaminated drinking water or their accumulation along the food chain. This review systematically examines the current pollution levels, potential sources, and environmental transport pathways of SSRIs in aquatic environments. The paper summarizes the toxicological impacts of SSRIs on various aquatic species. The primary objectives are to provide scientific references for the effective management and control of these emerging contaminants and to support the protection of aquatic ecosystems.

Key words: antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), aquatic environments, pollution characteristics, ecotoxicity

中图分类号:

X522
Q89

张羽彤, 周焕然, 吴玲玲. 水环境中SSRIs的污染特征与生态毒性研究进展[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(1): 43-53.

Yutong ZHANG, Huanran ZHOU, Lingling WU. Research progress on pollution characteristics and ecotoxicity of SSRIs in aquatic environments[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(1): 43-53.

图/表 3

图1

表1

SSRIs在各种水环境中的浓度"

SSRIs	浓度/(ng·L⁻¹)	样品来源	采样地	参考文献
氟西汀	31.0 (最高)	污水处理厂出水	美国	[13]
	24.8 (最高)	地表水	美国	[14]
	19.2 (最高)	饮用水	美国	[15]
	9.0~26.0 / 6.6~20.0	污水处理厂进/出水	加拿大	[16]
	93.4 (最高)	地表水	加拿大	[17]
	1.9~13.5 / 3.7~17.0	污水处理厂进/出水	瑞典	[18]
	36.0~436.5 / 33.0~66.5	污水处理厂进/出水	英国	[19]
	0.3 (平均)	饮用水	英国	[20]
	77.0~207.0 / 63.0~72.0	污水处理厂进/出水	西班牙	[21]
	0.6~17.3	地表水	西班牙	[22]
	49.0~92.0 / ND~79.0	污水处理厂进/出水	葡萄牙	[23]
	6.7~28.9	地表水	葡萄牙	[24]
	51.1 / 16.2 (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	澳大利亚	[25]
	25.0~173.0 / 25.0~160.0	污水处理厂进/出水	巴西	[26]
	5.9~36.4 / 5.1~29.4	污水处理厂进/出水	中国香港	[27]
氟西汀	2.3~42.9	地表水	中国上海	[28]
	2.0~9.4	地表水	中国南京	[29]
	2.1 (平均)	饮用水	中国	[30]
	ND~1.0 / ND~0.4	污水处理厂进/出水	中国青海	[31]
	ND~1.0	地表水	中国重庆	[32]
	0.7 / 0.8 (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	中国广州	[33]
帕罗西汀	1.8~16.0 / 1.3~12.0	污水处理厂进/出水	加拿大	[16]
	48.8 (最高)	地表水	加拿大	[17]
	1.4~2.8 / 1.6~2.6	污水处理厂进/出水	瑞典	[18]
	0.3~3.4	地表水	西班牙	[22]
	1.5~6.6	饮用水	荷兰	[34]
	ND~2.1	地表水	中国上海	[28]
	ND~69.9 / ND~0.3	污水处理厂进/出水	中国青海	[31]
	ND~12.8	地表水	中国重庆	[32]
	0.6 / ND (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	中国广州	[33]
舍曲林	31.6~114.0 / 15.7~88.3	污水处理厂进/出水	美国	[35]
	19.0 (最高)	地表水	美国	[14]
	7.6~34.0 / 5.7~21.0	污水处理厂进/出水	加拿大	[16]
	136.1 (最高)	地表水	加拿大	[17]
	8.5~40.0 / 15.0~62.0	污水处理厂进/出水	瑞典	[18]
	35.5~104.0 / 13.5~44.5	污水处理厂进/出水	英国	[19]
	1.1~144.9	地表水	西班牙	[22]
	ND~5.4	地表水	葡萄牙	[24]
	241.0 / 36.7 (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	澳大利亚	[25]
	ND~417.0 / ND~25.0	污水处理厂进/出水	巴西	[26]
	12.9~103.0 / 7.0~96.7	污水处理厂进/出水	中国香港	[27]
	ND~5.0	地表水	中国上海	[28]
	1.1~2.6	地表水	中国南京	[29]
	0.2~3.4 / ND~1.6	污水处理厂进/出水	中国青海	[31]
	ND~25.7	地表水	中国重庆	[32]
	4.6 / 2.6 (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	中国广州	[33]
氟伏沙明	ND~5.3 / ND~3.9	污水处理厂进/出水	加拿大	[16]
	24.2 (最高)	地表水	加拿大	[17]
	1.0~1.4	地表水	中国南京	[29]
氟伏沙明	ND~2.3 / ND~0.3	污水处理厂进/出水	中国青海	[31]
	ND~14.0	地表水	中国重庆	[32]
	1.6 / ND (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	中国广州	[33]
西酞普兰	35.1~170.0 / 104.0~414.0	污水处理厂进/出水	美国	[35]
	136.0~326.0 / 86.0~223.0	污水处理厂进/出水	加拿大	[16]
	249.2 (最高)	地表水	加拿大	[17]
	51.0~220.0 / 120.0~340.0	污水处理厂进/出水	瑞典	[18]
	239.0~509.5 / 189.0~270.5	污水处理厂进/出水	英国	[19]
	2.3~2.8	饮用水	英国	[20]
	ND~31.8	地表水	西班牙	[22]
	ND~200.0 / ND~173.0	污水处理厂进/出水	葡萄牙	[23]
	ND~67.9	地表水	葡萄牙	[24]
	183.0~293.0 / 165.0~303.0	污水处理厂进/出水	德国	[36]
	1.5 (最高)	饮用水	波兰	[37]
	30.8~98.5 / 19.3~97.6	污水处理厂进/出水	中国香港	[27]
	ND~5.1	地表水	中国上海	[28]
	0.9~7.7	地表水	中国南京	[29]
	0.4~10.6 / 0.2~9.8	污水处理厂进/出水	中国青海	[31]
	ND~26.8	地表水	中国重庆	[32]
	6.6 / 3.7 (平均)	污水处理厂进/出水	中国广州	[33]

表1

图2

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