Distribution and causes of ruderal communities in different urban habitats of Hangzhou

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.012

Abstract

Abstract:

With the ongoing urbanization process in Hangzhou, we investigated the species composition and structure of ruderal communities across eight urban habitat types. Habitat factors such as light intensity, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, soil compaction, soil total nitrogen, soil total phosphorus, soil organic matter, and interference types were measured; we subsequently analyzed the relationship between species composition and habitat factors of the ruderal communities. The results indicated that forest gap and lawn were the most common habitat types, and these community types covered 20.1% and 16.3%, respectively, of the total 1665 sampling plots surveyed. In all seven habitats except tree pool, moreover, dwarf-growth annual ruderals were the dominant species within the community. There were 30 ruderal species distributed across eight habitats. Environmental factors varied across the different habitats. The light intensity was the lowest in the forest gap, the soil conductivity value was the highest in the shrub-grassland gap, and the light intensity and soil compactness were the highest in soil abandoned land.

Key words: ruderal community, community diversity, habitat factor, urban habitat, Hangzhou

CLC Number:

Q948

Mingli ZHANG, Yichong CUI, Liangjun DA. Distribution and causes of ruderal communities in different urban habitats of Hangzhou[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 120-131.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Classification system of ruderal communities in Hangzhou"

优势种	拉丁名	优势种	拉丁名
铁苋菜	Acalypha australis	梓木草	Lithospermum zollingeri
牛膝	Achyranthes bidentate	黑麦草	Lolium perenne
看麦娘	Alopecurus aequalis	海金沙	Lygodium japonicum
喜旱莲子草	Alternanthera philoxeroides	泽珍珠菜	Lysimachia candida
反枝苋	Amaranthus retroflexus	红根草	Lysimachia fortune
苋	Amaranthus tricolor	狭叶珍珠菜	Lysimachia pentapetala
水苋菜	Ammannia baccifera	通泉草	Mazus japonicus
艾蒿	Artemisia argyi	薄荷	Mentha haplocalyx
荩草	Arthraxon hispidus	石荠苎	Mosla scabra
钻形紫菀	Aster subulatus	牛繁缕	Myosoton aquaticum
大狼把草	Bidens frondosa	水芹菜	Oenanthe javanica
水马齿	Callitriche stagnalis	皿果草	Omphalotrigonotis cupulifera
打碗花	Calystegia hederacea	瓶尔小草	Ophioglossum vulgatum
荠	Capsella bursa-pastoris	麦冬	Ophiopogon japonicas
碎米荠	Cardamine hirsuia	求米草	Oplismenus undulatifolius
天名精	Carpesium abrotanoides	酢浆草	Oxalis corniculata
乌蔹莓	Cayratia japonica	鸡矢藤	Paederia scandens
石胡荽	Centipeda minima	狼尾草	Pennisetum alopecuroides
卷耳	Cerastium arvense	商陆	Phytolacca acinosa
簇生卷耳	Cerastium glomeratum	半夏	Pinellia ternate
灰绿藜	Chenopodium glaucum	车前	Plantago asiatica
鸭跖草	Commelina communis	早熟禾	Poa annua
小蓬草	Conyza Canadensis	萹蓄	Polygonum aviculare
金鸡菊	Coreopsis drummondii	水蓼	Polygonum hydropiper
狗牙根	Cynodon dactylon	酸模叶蓼	Polygonum lapathifolium
水蜈蚣	Cyperus brevifolia	杠板归	Polygonum perfoliatum
扁穗莎草	Cyperus compressus	马蓼	Polygonum persicaria
野胡萝卜	Daucus carota	棒头草	Polypogon fugax
马蹄金	Dichondra repens	飞蛾藤	Porana racemose
马唐	Digitaria sanguinalis	马齿苋	Portulaca oleracea
中华鳞毛蕨	Dryopteris chinensis	雾水葛	Pouzolzia zeylanica
蛇莓	Duchesnea indica	翅果菊	Pterocypsela indica
稗	Echinochloa crusgalli	石龙芮	Ranunculus sceleratus
鳢肠	Eclipta prostrata	吉祥草	Reineckia carnea
牛筋	Eleusine indica	鹅观草	Roegneria kamoji
木贼	Equisetum hyemale	蔊菜	Rorippa indica
知风草	Eragrostis ferruginea	爵床	Rostellularia procumbens
一年蓬	Erigeron annuus	齿果酸模	Rumex dentatus
春一年蓬	Erigeron philadelphicus	羊蹄	Rumex japonicas
野黍	Eriochloa villosa	漆姑草	Sagina japonica
野芫荽	Eryngium foetidum	接骨草	Sambucus chinensis
飞扬草	Euphorbia hirta	虎耳草	Saxifraga stolonifera
地锦	Euphorbia humifusa	凹叶景天	Sedum emarginatum
斑地锦	Euphorbia maculate	四叶景天	Sedum quaternatum
高羊茅	Festuca elata	狗尾草	Setaria viridis
茴香	Foeniculum vulgare	毛梗豨莶	Siegesbeckia glabrescens
野草莓	Fragaria vesca	龙葵	Solanum nigrum
猪殃殃	Galium aparine	加拿大一枝黄花	Solidago canadensis
四叶葎	Galium bungei	苦苣菜	Sonchus oleraceus
野老鹳草	Geranium carolinianum	繁缕	Stellaria media
活血丹	Glechoma longituba	土人参	Talinum paniculatum
野大豆	Glycine soja	蒲公英	Taraxacum mongolicum
鼠麴草	Gnaphalium affine	络石	Trachelospermum jasminoides
常春藤	Hedera nepalensisvar. sinensis	白三叶	Trifolium repens
泥胡菜	Hemistepta lyrata	附地菜	Trigonotis peduncularis
葎草	Humulus scandens	婆婆纳	Veronica didyma
天胡荽	Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	野豌豆	Vicia sepium
破铜钱	Hydrocotyle sibthorpioidesvar. batrachium	蔓长春	Vinca major
抱茎苦荬菜	Ixeris sonchifolia	戟叶堇菜	Viola betonicifolia
马兰	Kalimeris indica	蔓茎堇菜	Viola diffusa
千金子	Leptochloa chinensis	黄鹌菜	Youngia japonica
宽叶母草	Lindernia nummularifolia	葱兰	Zephyranthes candida
阔叶麦冬	Liriope platyphylla

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 4

Fig.6

Table 5

Fig.7

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生境类型	光照条件	水湿条件	干扰类型	干扰强度
森林空隙 FG	中-阴	中-湿	拔除、刈割	中-弱
灌草丛空隙 SG	中	中	践踏、刈割	中
农田 FL	阳-中	中	拔除	中-弱
草坪 LA	阳	干	践踏、刈割	强-中
砾石型废弃地 GA	阳	干	穿行、堆砌	不定
土壤型废弃地 SA	阳	干-中	穿行、堆砌	不定
路边缝隙 RG	不定	不定	践踏	强
树池 TP	中-阴	干-中	拔除	强-中

生境类型	主城		副城		组团		总计		群落类型数	所占比例/%
生境类型	样方数	所占比例/%	样方数	所占比例/%	样方数	所占比例/%	样方数	所占比例/%	群落类型数	所占比例/%
FG	82	40.0	220	29.3	128	18.1	430	25.8	80	20.1
FL	3	1.4	37	4.9	139	19.6	179	10.8	43	10.8
GA	17	8.3	78	10.4	150	21.2	245	14.7	59	14.8
LA	42	20.5	218	29.1	92	13.0	352	21.1	65	16.3
RG	11	5.4	7	0.9	38	5.4	56	3.4	33	8.3
SA	22	10.7	75	10.0	77	10.8	174	10.5	50	12.6
SG	26	12.7	100	13.3	77	10.8	203	12.2	53	13.3
TP	2	1.0	16	2.1	8	1.1	26	1.5	15	3.8
总计	205	100.0	751	100.0	709	100.0	1665	100.0	398	100.0

生境类型	物种数	所占比例/%	生境类型	物种数	所占比例/%
FG	147	18.0	RG	75	9.3
FL	85	10.5	SA	95	11.7
GA	107	13.2	SG	116	14.3
LA	130	16.0	TP	57	7.0

生境因子	Light/%	ECP/ (mS·m^–1)	pH	STN/%	STP/%	SOMC/ (g·kg^–1)	N∶P	SC/kPa	DT	DI
FG	0.43±0.18d	86.56±34.74c	8.13±0.65bc	0.13±0.05b	0.07±0.02b	19.98±11.41b	1.96±0.76a	1121.43±664.38c	刈割、拔除	中-弱
FL	0.78±0.18ab	91.36±27.60bc	8.28±0.57acd	0.11±0.02c	0.07±0.03bd	19.56±11.43bc	2.42±2.28ac	1122.3±600.26c	拔除	中-弱
GA	0.73±0.20b	82.49±34.42c	8.09±0.40b	0.15±0.07a	0.08±0.02a	24.29±12.46a	1.83±0.90c	1409.62±800.53b	穿行	强-中
LA	0.66±0.24c	101.36±20.04b	8.18±1.29b	0.09±0.02d	0.06±0.01cd	13.74±4.33d	1.47±0.40b	1441.47±816.07b	践踏、刈割	强-中
SA	0.82±0.15a	97.1±24.33bc	8.13±0.49bd	0.09±0.01e	0.06±0.01bd	18.25±2.17bc	1.41±0.33b	2100.3±815.50a	穿行、堆砌	中
SG	0.47±0.17d	243.49±243.55a	8.2±0.61abd	0.09±0.01e	0.06±0.01cd	18.25±2.17c	1.41±0.33b	1252.7±721.72c	践踏、刈割	中-弱

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