Evaluation of biochar-desulfurized gypsum mixed application on saline-alkali soil improvement and N2O emission reduction in coastal areas

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.04.014

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of biochar and desulfurized gypsum (FGD) on the improvement of coastal saline-alkaline soils and the emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from soils were quantitatively evaluated using different application ratios of biochar and FGD under laboratory conditions and combined with stable isotope and molecular biology methods. The results showed that compared with the treatment with biochar or FGD gypsum alone, soil exchangeable eodium saturation percentage (ESP) decreased significantly to 11.6% ~ 13.0% whereas soil organic carbon content increased by about 34 times after the application of the mixture. Compared with the control and the individual applications, cumulative soil N₂O emission in the mixture treatment decreased by about 127.7%. This is mainly due to the fact that the mixture application of biochar and FGD gypsum can significantly increase the nitrification and denitrification potential of soil as well as the consumption of soil N₂O, thereby effectively reducing the soil N₂O emission. The results of this study provide data support and a theoretical basis for the development of coastal saline soil improvement technology and the management of soil greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, biochar, desulfurized gypsum, nitrous oxide, nitrogen cycle

CLC Number:

X142

Ziyan CHEN, Rongrong YANG, Yi WU, Lijun HOU, Xia LIANG. Evaluation of biochar-desulfurized gypsum mixed application on saline-alkali soil improvement and N₂O emission reduction in coastal areas[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(4): 134-146.

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处理组	生物炭投加比例/%	脱硫石膏投加比例/%
CK	\	\
FGD	\	2.5
BC	2.0	\
BF1	2.0	1.0
BF2	2.0	2.5
BF3	2.0	5.0

目标基因	引物	序列 (5'-3')	参考文献	PCR 条件
AOA- amoA	Arch-amoAF	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	[42]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 58℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
AOA- amoA	Arch-amoAR	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	[42]
AOB- amoA	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	[43]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 56℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
AOB- amoA	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	[43]
nirS	cd3aF	GTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG	[44]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 58℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
nirS	R3cd	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA	[44]
nirK	nirK876	ATYGGCGGVAYGGCGA	[45]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 40 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 57 ℃ for 15 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
nirK	nirK1040	GCCTCGATCAGRTTRTGGTT	[45]
nosZ	nosZ2F	CGCRACGGCAASAAGGTSMSSGT	[46]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 58℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
nosZ	nosZ2R	CAKRTGCAKSGCRTGGCAGAA	[46]

处理组	pH	电导率/ (ds·m^–1)	含水率/ %	土壤容重/ (g·cm^–3)	TN/ (g·kg^–1)	TC/ (g·kg^–1)	TOC/ (g·kg^–1)	Cl^–含量/ (mg·kg^–1)	ESP/ %
CK	7.45±0.06	6.29±0.04	18.21±0.02	1.45±0.10	0.43±0	15.41±0.08	1.01±0.35	6.80±0.07	20.66±0.19
FGD	7.08±0.04	6.30±0.16	20.13±0.01	1.38 ±0.02	0.42±0.02	14.34±0.05	1.35±0.14	4.65±0.03	16.67±0.21
BC	7.46±0.07	3.87±0.10	20.65±0.03	1.33±0.03	0.87±0.02	32.86±1.02	20.60±1.46	5.61±0.03	16.16±0.25
BF1	7.15±0.04	4.17±0.04	20.60±0.04	1.32±0.11	0.84±0	32.01±0.23	19.46±0.98	5.61±0.04	12.99±0.14
BF2	7.18±0.05	5.95±0.08	20.81±0.03	1.31±0.09	0.82±0.01	31.29±0.21	24.82±0.56	5.35±0.10	12.03±0.15
BF3	7.12±0.03	5.80±0.12	21.31±0.12	1.29±0.06	0.74±0.01	28.10±0.25	24.97±0.76	4.89±0.02	11.58±0.22

序号	土壤类型与利用方式	实验周期	生物炭施用量	N₂O排放量降幅	主要作用机制					参考文献
序号	土壤类型与利用方式	实验周期	生物炭施用量	N₂O排放量降幅	土壤结构	生物炭吸附	硝化过程	反硝化过程	微生物群落结构与活性	参考文献
1	盐土小麦 + 玉米轮作	49 d	1%	48%	√	√	√	√		[66]
2	潮土小麦 + 玉米轮作	4.5 a	1% ~ 5%	8.2% ~ 31%					√	[63]
3	碱性砂壤土小麦 + 玉米轮作	5 a	1% ~ 5%	25% ~ 52%	√	√			√	[69]
4	壤土蔬菜轮作	1 a	5%	4.6%				√		[64]
5	黑垆土小麦 + 豆科作物轮作	30 d	10%	12%			√	√	√	[59]
6	砂壤土玉米	2 a	10% ~ 40%	23% ~ 94%			√	√	√	[58]
7	滨海盐土盐生植被	90 d	2%	3.1%	√	√	√	√	√	本研究
8	滨海盐土盐生植被	90 d	2% (FGD 5%)	127.7%	√	√	√	√	√	本研究

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Evaluation of biochar-desulfurized gypsum mixed application on saline-alkali soil improvement and N₂O emission reduction in coastal areas

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