Application and analysis of the predominant trees in urban plots of the Yangtze River Delta Region

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.005

Abstract

Abstract:

Using a combination of mechanical and representative sampling, plots in 13 cities of the Yangtze River Delta Region were surveyed in 2015—2016; the survey consisted of 449 plots across 76 urban parks, roads, and waterfront greenbelt areas. As part of this study, we analyzed the factors and drivers for species composition, distribution, size, coverage, and growth vigor of the predominant trees located in the urban plots; the data provides a scientific basis for the future construction of forest cities and the improvement of urban human settlements. The results show that: ① In total, 157 tree species were recorded in the surveyed plots, which belonged to 115 genera and 54 families. The dominant families belonged to the Rosaceae group (20 species across 12 genera), with a high proportion of single families and relatively dispersed species composition. ② The plots were characterized by significant temperate features (73 genera), showing that the tree species have typical temperate properties in application. ③ The main tree species of the urban man-made forests were Cinnamomum camphora and Platanus × acerifolia, with coverage reaching 27.45%; specifically, Cinnamomum camphora was the dominant species. The utilization of trees across different types of urban plots varied considerably. ④ It was found that tree species with 10 cm ≤ D≤ 30 cm constituted the majority of tall trees in the urban plots, including many species of native trees such as Sapindus saponaria, Koelreuteria bipinnata 'Integrifoliola', and Liquidambar formosana. The quantity and distribution of the trees, however, was found to be extremely unbalanced. The coverage of Cinnamomum camphora and Platanus × acerifolia in the area was as high as 45.18%, and the relative species diversity and community stability were found to be weak. We recommend that the coverage of other tree species is gradually increased in the future construction of urban plots.

Key words: the Yangtze River Delta Region, urban plantation, arbor, geographical elements, tree species application

CLC Number:

S731.2

Long ZHANG, Geriletu , Jing YAN, Lingling WANG, Jiuxi SHI. Application and analysis of the predominant trees in urban plots of the Yangtze River Delta Region[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(3): 39-49.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

The index and ranking of each tree species (take the first 60 tree species according to important value)"

树种	重要值		相对频度		相对密度		相对显著度		相对盖度		加权平均胸径		加权平均树高
树种	数值/%	排序	数值/%	排序	数值/%	排序	数值/%	排序	数值/%	排序	数值/%	排序	数值/%	排序
香樟Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.	18.337	1	13.228	1	16.504	1	25.278	1	30.738	1	25.41	17	8.05	28
二球悬铃木Platanus acerifolia	9.113	2	3.858	3	7.301	2	16.179	2	14.436	2	29.86	9	8.92	19
水杉Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng	4.944	3	2.913	7	5.302	3	6.618	4	2.400	8	23.42	27	10.30	11
垂柳Salix babylonica	4.816	4	3.465	5	4.022	6	6.961	3	5.525	3	25.37	18	6.51	48
桂花Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour.	4.715	5	7.008	2	4.846	5	2.290	9	3.073	5	13.36	83	4.08	89
杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens Hemsl.	3.027	6	2.756	8	3.313	8	3.012	7	3.078	4	18.15	57	6.14	56
女贞Ligustrum lucidum Ait.	2.894	7	3.701	4	3.635	7	1.345	14	2.268	9	12.53	85	4.91	76
银杏Ginkgo biloba L.	2.875	8	3.386	6	2.764	10	2.474	8	1.503	14	17.95	59	7.50	41
杨树Populus X canadensis Moench	2.573	9	1.496	17	2.783	9	3.441	6	2.589	7	26.09	15	8.75	22
木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia L.	2.369	10	0.866	27	2.554	11	3.688	5	1.857	11	22.18	34	7.08	46
日本珊瑚Viburnum odoratissinum	1.992	11	0.630	38	4.967	4	0.379	38	0.428	34	9.44	108	2.87	126
广玉兰Magnolia Grandiflora L.	1.918	12	2.126	11	1.698	12	1.932	10	1.988	10	20.02	44	7.51	39
东京樱花Cerasus yedoensis (Matsum.) Yu et Li	1.552	13	2.598	9	1.623	14	0.434	33	0.806	21	10.62	95	3.68	102
黄山栾树Koelreuteria integrifoliola	1.541	14	2.047	13	1.413	16	1.163	16	1.361	15	19.85	47	7.45	42
雪松Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don	1.469	15	1.496	18	1.549	15	1.364	13	2.640	6	21.15	41	9.23	15
紫叶李Prunus Cerasifera Ehrhar f. atropurpurea (Jacq.) Rehd.	1.287	16	1.732	15	1.683	13	0.446	31	0.762	23	10.59	96	4.44	83
朴树Celtis sinensis Pers.	1.266	17	1.969	14	0.998	24	0.831	20	0.746	24	19.17	50	6.05	58
苦楝Melia azedarach Linn.	1.253	18	1.732	16	1.117	21	0.911	17	0.952	18	20.71	43	4.84	78
鸡爪槭Acer palmatum Thunb.	1.247	19	2.283	10	1.191	19	0.265	46	0.513	30	9.29	110	3.06	115
紫薇Lagerstroemia indica L.	1.157	20	2.126	12	1.190	20	0.155	55	0.258	43	6.83	130	2.94	125
枫香Liquidambar formosana Hance	1.095	21	0.787	32	1.221	18	1.276	15	1.616	13	23.87	25	8.98	18
鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.) Sarg.	1.069	22	0.709	36	1.034	23	1.464	11	1.798	12	26.95	13	10.93	10
枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC	1.051	23	0.866	28	0.864	28	1.423	12	1.303	16	26.41	14	8.90	20
合欢Albizia julibrissin Durazz.	0.979	24	1.417	20	0.879	27	0.643	22	0.806	22	16.31	67	5.63	66
二乔玉兰Yulania × soulangeana (Soul.-Bod.) D. L. Fu	0.884	25	1.496	19	0.709	32	0.447	30	0.508	31	14.45	80	5.80	64
龙柏Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant. cv. Kaizuca	0.878	26	1.102	22	1.102	22	0.429	34	0.244	44	14.29	82	4.15	87
圆柏Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant.	0.837	27	1.260	21	0.883	26	0.367	39	0.333	39	14.83	77	5.80	63
乌桕Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.	0.790	28	0.945	24	0.576	36	0.850	18	0.583	28	21.69	38	7.75	37
刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia L.	0.713	29	0.551	41	0.887	25	0.700	21	0.893	19	24.51	22	6.40	51
棕榈Trachycarpus fortunei (Hook.) H. Wendl.	0.676	30	1.024	23	0.536	39	0.469	28	0.178	50	18.43	55	3.95	97
白榆Castanea mollissima	0.663	31	0.787	33	0.596	34	0.606	24	0.507	32	22.35	32	6.18	55
红楠Machilus thunbergii sieb. et Zucc.	0.659	32	0.866	29	0.760	30	0.351	41	0.439	33	14.39	81	4.41	84
垂丝海棠Malus halliana Koehne	0.603	33	0.945	25	0.755	31	0.108	63	0.218	47	9.06	112	3.06	114
国槐Sophora japonica L.	0.599	34	0.787	34	0.581	35	0.427	35	0.389	36	19.69	48	5.14	72
夹竹桃Nerium indicum Mill.	0.583	35	0.945	26	0.624	33	0.179	48	0.278	41	9.43	109	4.09	88
紫荆Cercis chinensis	0.538	36	0.787	35	0.774	29	0.052	85	0.170	53	5.22	139	2.53	133
构树Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent.	0.535	37	0.866	30	0.417	45	0.320	43	0.646	26	18.17	56	7.41	44
孝顺竹Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult.	0.531	38	0.236	66	1.340	17	0.016	116	0.114	62	2.23	142	2.72	129
无患子Firmiana simplex L.	0.528	39	0.630	39	0.552	38	0.401	37	1.145	17	17.55	63	7.73	38
碧桃Amygdalus persica 'Duplex' Rehd.	0.484	40	0.866	31	0.417	46	0.170	51	0.163	56	10.37	100	3.04	116
华棕Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br.	0.479	41	0.394	52	0.209	65	0.836	19	0.077	74	36.00	6	12.43	6
重阳木Bischofia polycarpa (Levl.) Airy Shaw	0.471	42	0.472	45	0.454	42	0.485	26	0.558	29	24.92	21	7.80	36
杨梅Myrica rubra (Lour.) S. et Zucc.	0.461	43	0.709	37	0.342	50	0.332	42	0.237	45	17.93	60	4.45	82
乐昌含笑Michelia chapensis Dandy	0.429	44	0.315	55	0.358	47	0.615	23	0.823	20	24.10	23	13.46	4
湿地松Pinus elliottii	0.426	45	0.394	53	0.447	43	0.438	32	0.207	48	22.67	30	8.63	25
榕树Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.	0.413	46	0.472	46	0.268	56	0.497	25	0.293	40	32.50	8	5.45	68
三角枫Acer buergerianum Miq.	0.385	47	0.551	42	0.238	62	0.366	40	0.389	35	22.89	29	7.44	43
木槿Hibiscus syriacus L.	0.379	48	0.472	47	0.566	37	0.098	66	0.153	59	8.00	125	3.20	112
石楠Photinia serrulata Lindl.	0.374	49	0.551	43	0.506	40	0.064	78	0.155	57	7.14	128	2.72	130
红枫Acerpalmatum Thunbf.	0.373	50	0.630	40	0.447	44	0.042	92	0.090	71	6.78	131	2.55	131
旱柳Salix matsudana	0.337	51	0.236	67	0.358	48	0.418	36	0.096	68	18.67	52	13.75	3
泡桐Paulownia Sieb. et Zucc.	0.318	52	0.315	56	0.164	74	0.474	27	0.369	37	46.00	5	8.73	24
腊梅Ilex latifolia Thunb.	0.305	53	0.551	44	0.298	53	0.065	77	0.167	54	9.49	107	6.35	53
白玉兰Magnolia denudata Desr.	0.296	54	0.315	57	0.502	41	0.071	73	0.103	65	9.00	114	2.97	124
罗汉松Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don	0.295	55	0.472	48	0.358	49	0.053	83	0.058	86	8.00	119	3.43	109
羊蹄甲Bauhinia L.	0.290	56	0.157	74	0.244	60	0.468	29	0.696	25	22.25	33	7.82	35
海棠Malus spectabilis (Ait.) Borkh.	0.276	57	0.472	49	0.238	63	0.117	60	0.081	73	12.63	84	3.67	103
榉树Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino	0.270	58	0.315	58	0.194	66	0.302	45	0.167	55	18.50	54	9.38	14
白蜡Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.	0.240	59	0.157	75	0.244	61	0.317	44	0.601	27	17.75	62	6.47	50
石榴Punica granatum L.	0.238	60	0.472	50	0.179	69	0.063	79	0.142	60	11.80	90	3.02	118
…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…

Table 5

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序号	省份	城区	调查点
1	江苏省	连云港连云区	北崮山生态公园、在海一方公园、云和路、中华西路、排淡河、海堤路 + 海滨大道
2		邳州县	人民公园、桃花岛公园、大运河邳州段、青年东路、花园路
3		丰县	凤鸣公园、栖凤园、滨河公园、飞龙湖公园、白衣河、复新河、向阳路、人民路
4		南京玄武区	玄武湖公园、情侣园、白马湖公园、北京西路、中央路
5		镇江京口区	伯先公园、古城公园、古运河、长江边、中山西路、运河路
6	浙江省	杭州富阳区	恩波公园、东吴文化公园、木樨西路、迎宾路、大桥北路、江滨西大道
7		诸暨市	城市广场、浣纱路、滨江路、艮塔路、西市大街 + 浣东北路 + 暨东路
8		余姚市	舜北公园、兰墅公园、阳明路、南雷路 + 舜水路、滨江路、南兰江西路
9		舟山普陀区	定海公园、海滨公园、东海路、海州路 + 海滨路
10		淳安县	湖山公园、千岛湖广场、新塘公园、新安大街 + 南山大街、新安东路 + 开发路、浪排线、环湖北路、湖滨公园、湖滨休闲公园
11		庆元县	蒙洲公园、生态公园、松源街、石龙街、江滨路
12		苍南县	龙港公园、人民公园、龙翔路、金钗街、江滨路、环河路
13	上海市	崇明县	东平国家森林公园、崇明岛国家地质公园、南门瀛洲公园、北门路 + 江山路 + 八一路、南门景观大堤

级别	数量		比例/%
级别	属	种	属	种
较大属(11 ~ 20种)	12	20	10.43	12.74
中等属(6 ~ 10种)	11	23	9.57	14.65
寡种属(2 ~ 5种)	70	92	60.87	58.60
单种属(1种)	22	22	19.13	14.01
合计	115	157	100.00	100.00

级别	数量			比例/%
级别	科	属	种	科	属	种
20 属以上	0	0	0	0	0	0
11 ~ 20 属	1	12	20	1.85	10.43	12.74
6 ~ 10 属	0	0	0	0	0	0
2 ~ 5 属	27	77	105	50.00	66.96	66.88
1 属	26	26	32	48.15	22.61	20.38
合计	54	115	157	100.00	100.00	100.00

分布类型及变型	属数		占总属数/%
分布类型及变型	小计	总计	占总属数/%
1 世界分布	2	2	1.74
2 泛热带分布	9	12	7.83
2-1 热带亚洲—大洋洲和热带美洲分布	3	12	2.61
3 热带亚洲及热带美洲间断分布	4	4	3.48
4 旧世界热带分布	5	5	4.35
5 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布	9	9	7.83
7 热带亚洲		10		热带地理成分记42属, 占总属数36.52%
7-1 爪哇(或苏门答腊), 喜马拉雅间断或星散分布到华南、西南	2		1.74
7a 西马来, 新华莱士线以西分布	6		5.22
7a-c 马来分布	1		0.87
7e 全分布区东南达西太平洋诸岛弧, 包括新喀里多尼亚、斐济	1		0.87
8 北温带分布	21	30	18.26
8-4 北温带和南温带间断分布	9	30	7.83
9 东亚及北美间断分布	9	9	7.83
10 旧世界温带分布	1	8	0.87
10-1 地中海区, 西亚(或中亚)和东亚间断分布	7	8	6.09
11 温带亚洲分布	2	2	1.74	温带地理成分记73属, 占总属数63.48%
12 地中海区、西亚至中亚分布	1	2	0.87
12-2 地中海区至西亚或中亚和墨西哥或古巴间断分布	1	2	0.87
14 东亚分布	8	14	6.96
14SH 中国—喜马拉雅分布	1		0.87
14SJ 中国—日本分布	5		4.35
15 中国特有分布	8	8	6.96
属汇总		115	100.00

[1]	CAI Bei-ming, CHEN Xiao-shuang, DA Liang-jun, WANG Rui. Study on the diversity pattern of natural herb under the forest of Shanghai Green Belt during its early building-up period [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 20120, 2012(6): 13-20.
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[5]	GE Jian-zhong, GUO Wen-yun, DING Ping-xing. Hydrodynamic influence of proposed excavated-in harbor in the Hengsha Shoal of the Yangtze Estuary Ⅰ: Numerical Model and Validations [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(4): 79-90.
[6]	YU Zhi-ying, ZHANG Zhi-lin, JIN Liu, XU Hai-gen, LI Sheng-duo. Morphological stability analysis of the planned excavated-in harbor and its channel in the Hengsha Shoal of the Yangtze Estuary [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(4): 55-71.
[7]	SHAO Rong-shun, CHENG Ze-kun, DING Ping-xing,GE Jian-zhong, YU Zhi-ying, YU Ling. Study of the excavated-in harbor plan in the Hengsha Shoal of the Yangtze Estuary [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(4): 17-24.
[8]	SHAO Rong-shun, SHI Xiong-biao, YU Ling. Preliminary analysis for the necessity of building a new harbor in Shanghai [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(4): 10-16.
[9]	DING Ping-xing, LI Shu-guo. Planning ideas and key technology for building excavated-in harbor basin in the Hengsha Shoal of the Yangtze Estuary [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(4): 1-9.
[10]	LV Chang-qing, FANG Yong-lei. Linear arboricity of an embedded graph on a surface of large genus [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(1): 7-10, 23.
[11]	ZUO Shuhua;;ZHANG Ningchuan;LI Bei;YANG Hua. Dynamics reasons and temporalspatial variations of suspendedsediment condition in the sea area of Yangshan deepwater harbor [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2009, 2009(3): 72-82.