Analysis and evaluation of the phytoplankton community structure in Luxun Park, Shanghai

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.004

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, an ecological survey of the lake water in Luxun Park from January to October 2019 was conducted to determine the community structure characteristics and health of phytoplankton in the water. In particular, the community composition, density, biomass, diversity, uniformity, and dominant species of phytoplankton were analyzed. A total of 83 genera of 8 phyla of phytoplankton were identified; of these, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Diatoms had the largest number of species. The annual average cell density was 14.17×10⁶ ind/L, and the annual average biomass was 3.57 mg/L. Density and biomass typically increase with seasonal changes. The dominant phyla were the Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Diatom phylum; meanwhile, Pseudo-Anabaena, Platychophyta, Scenedesmus, and Cyclotella were the major dominant species. Redundant analysis was used to further analyze the environmental factors in the lake water of Luxun Park. The results showed that pH, nitrate nitrogen, nitrous nitrogen, and permanganate index are the key factors affecting the structure of the phytoplankton community.

Key words: phytoplankton, density, biomass, environmental factors

CLC Number:

X524

Dan CUI, Ying LI, Tida CHEN, Minsheng HUANG. Analysis and evaluation of the phytoplankton community structure in Luxun Park, Shanghai[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(3): 27-38.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Table 2

Phytoplankton species"

门	属 (拉丁名)	是否为耐污种	门	属 (拉丁名)	是否为耐污种
蓝藻门	颤藻 (Oscillatoria)	是	硅藻门	根管藻 (Rhizopus)	否
蓝藻门	项圈藻 (Collarella)	否	硅藻门	双壁藻 (Dipularia)	否
蓝藻门	束球藻 (Bunchococcus)	否	硅藻门	双棱藻 (Diptera)	是
蓝藻门	念珠藻 (Nostoc)	否	硅藻门	星杆藻 (Astrodia)	是
蓝藻门	鱼腥藻 (Anabaena)	是	硅藻门	布纹藻 (Lycopodium)	否
蓝藻门	伪鱼腥藻 (Pseudo-Anabaena)	否	硅藻门	异极藻 (Heterophaga)	是
蓝藻门	螺旋藻 (Spirulina)	是	硅藻门	辐节藻 (Radix)	是
蓝藻门	色球藻 (Chroococcus)	否	硅藻门	舟形藻 (Navicula)	是
蓝藻门	平裂藻 (Planoschizoma)	否	硅藻门	短缝藻 (Brachyphyllum)	否
蓝藻门	微囊藻 (Microcystis)	否	绿藻门	新月藻 (Crescentia)	是
蓝藻门	隐球藻 (Cryptococcus)	否	绿藻门	栅藻 (Scenedesmus)	是
金藻门	黄群藻 (Xanthella)	是	绿藻门	十字藻 (Crucifera)	是
金藻门	锥囊藻 (Trinocystis)	否	绿藻门	纤维藻 (Cellulosae)	是
黄藻门	黄丝藻 (Xanthella)	是	绿藻门	顶棘藻 (Achillea)	否
黄藻门	黄管藻 (Xanthophyceae)	否	绿藻门	小球藻 (Chlorella)	是
黄藻门	刺棘藻 (Echinococcus)	否	绿藻门	盘星藻 (Pegasus)	是
隐藻门	隐藻 (Cryptomonas)	否	绿藻门	弓形藻 (Toxoplasma)	否
裸藻门	囊裸藻 (Euglena)	否	绿藻门	四角藻 (Tetracardia)	否
裸藻门	扁裸藻 (Euglena)	否	绿藻门	角星鼓藻 (Ceratophyllum)	否
裸藻门	卡克藻 (Kakonia)	否	绿藻门	卵囊藻 (Oocystis)	是
裸藻门	鳞孔藻 (Lepidoptera)	是	绿藻门	衣藻 (Chlamydomonas)	是
裸藻门	裸藻 (Euglena)	是	绿藻门	绿梭藻 (Chlorella)	是
甲藻门	薄甲藻 (Pleurodinium)	否	绿藻门	胶网藻 (Dictyostelium)	是
甲藻门	多甲藻 (Polydinium)	否	绿藻门	四星藻 (Tetraspora)	否
甲藻门	角甲藻 (Ceratocystis)	否	绿藻门	团藻 (Volvox)	否
甲藻门	裸甲藻 (Gymnodinium)	否	绿藻门	集星藻 (Synechococcus)	是
硅藻门	小环藻 (Cyclotella)	是	绿藻门	杂球藻 (Heterococcus)	否
硅藻门	脆杆藻 (Fragilaria)	否	绿藻门	鼓藻 (Sphaerophyllum)	否
硅藻门	菱形藻 (Nitzschia)	是	绿藻门	蹄形藻 (Hogdia)	否
硅藻门	针杆藻 (Sphaerophyllum)	是	绿藻门	粗刺藻 (Rhodophyllum)	否
硅藻门	直链藻 (Melosira)	是	绿藻门	微芒藻 (Miscanthus)	否
硅藻门	桥弯藻 (Hydracea)	是

Table 2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 3

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.8

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指标	公式	注释
Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 $(H')$	$H'=-\sum\limits_{i = 1}^S {\frac{n_i}{N} }\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}\frac{ n_i }{N}$	n_i为第 i种的个数, N为群落总个体数 S为种类数
Margalef 丰富度指数 (D)	$ D=(S-1)/\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}N $
Pielou 均匀度指数 (J)	$J=H'/\mathrm{l}\mathrm{n}S$
McNaughton 指数 (Y)	$Y=\frac{ {n}_{i} }{N}×{f}_{i}$	f_i为第 i种生物的出现频率, 当 Y≥ 0.02 时为优势种^[21]

门	优势属	优势度
门	优势属	1月	4月	7月	10月
蓝藻门	鱼腥藻 Anabaena				0.03
	伪鱼腥藻 Pseudo-anabaena	0.08		0.11	0.11
	螺旋藻 Spirulina				0.05
	色球藻 Chroococcus		0.03	0.02
	平裂藻 Planoschizoma	0.02	0.03	0.04	0.21
	微囊藻 Microcystis			0.04	0.10
硅藻门	小环藻 Cyclotella	0.16	0.07	0.15	0.06
	脆杆藻 Fragilaria	0.03
	菱形藻 Nitzschia				0.03
	针杆藻 Sphaerophyllum	0.10		0.10	0.05
	直链藻 Melosira	0.03
绿藻门	栅藻 Scenedesmus .	0.08	0.28	0.12	0.05
	十字藻 Crucifera		0.05
	纤维藻 Cellulosae		0.07	0.02
	小球藻 Chlorella	0.10	0.07
	盘星藻 Pentaphyllum	0.02	0.04	0.06
	四角藻 Tetraceratops		0.05	0.02
	鼓藻 Sphaerotheca		0.03
	蹄形藻 Homoidea		0.06

轴	特征值	物种-环境因子相关性	物种累积方差/%	物种-环境因子累积方差/%
1	0.358	0.750	35.8	80.8
2	0.044	0.650	40.2	90.7
3	0.018	0.527	42.0	94.8
4	0.013	0.590	43.3	97.6
典范特征值之和	0.433

	SPEC AX1	SPEC AX2	SPEC AX3	SPEC AX4	ENVI AX1	ENVI AX2	ENVI AX3	ENVI AX4
pH	0.5904	0.2457	0.1792	0.0533	0.7873	0.3782	0.3402	0.0904
DO	0.0890	0.2635	0.0542	0.1420	0.1187	0.4057	0.1029	0.2408
COD_Cr	–0.1958	–0.2956	0.0234	0.2564	–0.2611	–0.4551	0.0444	0.4348
COD_Mn	0.1169	0.1780	–0.1308	–0.2012	0.1559	0.2741	–0.2484	–0.3412
NH₄⁺–N	–0.1387	0.1194	–0.0947	–0.3775	–0.1850	0.1838	–0.1797	–0.6401
NO₃^––N	–0.5011	–0.1647	–0.1261	0.2149	–0.6682	–0.2536	–0.2394	0.3644
NO₂^––N	–0.0664	0.3630	–0.2593	0.0594	–0.0885	0.5588	–0.4923	0.1007
TN	–0.3351	0.0304	–0.1630	–0.0791	–0.4469	0.0467	–0.3094	–0.1341
DP	0.0098	0.1790	–0.3392	–0.0648	0.0131	0.2756	–0.6440	–0.1100
TP	0.2650	0.0221	–0.2004	–0.1225	0.3534	0.0341	–0.3805	–0.2078

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