华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2009, Vol. 2009 ›› Issue (2): 78-87.

• 生命科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬季上海市城区河道中浮游植物群落结构及水质的生物评价

姜雪芹,禹娜,毛开云,刘一,李二超,陈立侨
  

  1. 华东师范大学 生命科学学院,上海200062
  • 收稿日期:2008-09-12 修回日期:2008-11-10 出版日期:2009-03-25 发布日期:2009-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈立侨

Assessment of algal diversity and water quality in the foururban rivers of Shanghai in winter (Chinese)

JIANG Xue-qin,YU Na, MAO Kai-yun,LIU Yi,LI Er-chao,CHEN Li-qiao
  

  1. School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2008-09-12 Revised:2008-11-10 Online:2009-03-25 Published:2009-03-25
  • Contact: CHEN Li-qiao

摘要: 2007年11月-2008年1月间,调查了上海市城区四条不同生态类型河道的浮游植物种类组成和群落结构,结合同步测定的水质理化指标,对河道中浮游植物多样性与水体污染程度的相互关系进行了分析和评价.结果表明,四条河道中共鉴得藻类7门150种,其中绿藻门61种、蓝藻门27种、硅藻门24种、裸藻门23种、黄藻门11种、隐藻门3种和甲藻门1种.从整个冬季来看,四条河道的藻类种类数差异不大,种类组成分布状况呈现为朝阳河(78种)>午潮港(76种)>横港河(74种)>曹杨环浜(72种),其中优势种均属于蓝、绿和硅藻门;从细胞密度和生物量上来看,四条河道所含浮游藻类密度为朝阳河>曹杨环浜>午潮港>横港河,且藻类密度较大的均为绿藻门、蓝藻门和硅藻门;其生物量为曹杨环浜>朝阳河>午潮港>横港河,两者虽略有不同,但是上述两项指标的大体趋势相同,均显示为富营养型.四条河道中的氮、磷含量均超过富营养化发生的浓度,两者的含量与藻类的密度和生物量均存在明显的相关性,其中藻类密度与水体中的磷呈显著负相关,与氮呈显著正相关.应用多样性指数对四条河道营养状况进行评价,其中朝阳河的水质最差,其次为横港河和午潮港,曹杨环浜的水质较好;研究发现运用生物多样性参数对小型河道的水质进行评价其结果偏于理想,与浮游植物的种类、密度和生物量的评价标准不一致.建议对城市河道中的水环境进行评估时,运用生物多样性参数时应持谨慎态度.

关键词: 城区河道, 浮游植物, 群落结构, 富营养化, 水质评价, 城区河道, 浮游植物, 群落结构, 富营养化, 水质评价

Abstract: To evaluate the restoration from the contaminative water condition of four rivers with different ecological types, which are Wuchaogang river, Henggang river, Chaoyang river and Caoyanghuanbang river in the urban unit of Shanghai, the investigations of the spatial variations of phytoplankton community structure, and chemical and physical parameters were undertaken from November 2007 to January 2008, and the relationship between the phytoplankton diversity and water pollution was also analyzed comprehensively. There are 150 species of 7 phylums of planktonic algae, including 61 species of Chlorophyceae, 27 of Cyanobacteria, 24 of Acillariophyta, 23 of Euglenophyta, 11 of Xanthophyta, 3 of Cryptophyta, and 1 of Pyrrophyta. Dominant species are Chlorophyceae, Cyanobacteria and Acillariophyta. Judging from the whole winter, the four rivers have almost no differences in the distribution of species composition such as Chaoyang river (78 species)>Wuchaogang river (76 species)> Henggang river (74 species)> Caoyanghuanbang river (72 Species). The distribution of the four rivers in cell density and biomass are as follows respectively: Chaoyang river>Caoyanghuanbang river>Wuchaogang river>Henggang river, and Caoyanghuanbang river>Chaoyang river>Wuchaogang river>Henggang river. Chlorophyceae is the main phytoplankton, then Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta. The contents of N and P in the four rivers are all surplus and have an obvious correlation with both the cell density and the biomass, which are negatively correlated with P, and positively with N. The four rivers were analyzed and valued with diversity indexes of nutritional status and the Caoyanghuanbang river is the best one, followed by Wuchaogang river and Henggang river, and Chaoyang river is the worst. It is found the three parameters of the diversity indexes are too ideal in assessing small urban rivers water quality, and they are inconsistent with that evaluation criteria of the species, cell density and biomass of phytoplankton. Therefore, it should be cautious to apply the biological diversity indexes to valuate urban rivers environment.

Key words: phytoplankton, community, eutrophication, environmenal assessment , urban rivers, phytoplankton, community, eutrophication, environmenal assessment

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