长江口海陆交互带地下水重金属污染特征及微生物响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海陆交互带地下水受多重因素共同作用, 重金属污染风险较高. 通过分析测定长江口海陆交互带地下水中8种重金属元素 (Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、As、Hg) 浓度, 并对微生物及重金属抗性基因 (Metal Resistance Genes, MRGs) 组成进行分析, 以揭示长江口海陆交互带地下水环境状况. 调查发现, 研究区域内井水各站位重金属元素平均浓度均低于国家《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848—2017) Ⅲ类标准限值; 间隙水站位除Pb外, 其余重金属平均浓度均低于国家《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类标准限值. 对各重金属元素进行Pearson相关性分析, 结果表明As与Hg、As与Zn、Cd与Hg的相关性系数分别为0.661 (p<0.01)、0.915 (p<0.05)、0.918 (p<0.05), 存在正相关关系, 可推测以上重金属元素具有相似的来源. 研究区域大部分站位的重金属单因子污染指数小于1, 为安全等级; 少量间隙水站位的Pb单因子污染指数范围为1~3, 属于轻中度污染. 综合所有重金属元素对各站位进行评价, 井水综合污染指数为0.27, 为安全等级; 间隙水综合污染指数为1.73, 为轻度污染. 对研究区域地下水宏基因组数据进行分析, 共注释出21种MRGs及39种具有MRGs的潜在已分类宿主菌门类. 研究结果将有助于深入了解长江口海陆交互带地下水中重金属的分布、潜在来源及微生物参与过程.

关键词: 地下水, 重金属, 海陆交互带, 风险评估, 重金属抗性基因

Abstract:

In the sea-land interaction zone, groundwater is influenced by multiple environmental factors, posing a high risk of heavy metal pollution. This study assesses the environmental conditions of the sea-land interaction zone in the Yangtze River Estuary by analyzing the concentrations of eight heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) and examining the composition of microorganisms and heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) in groundwater. The results indicate that the average concentrations of heavy metals in well water stations are below the Class Ⅲ limits of the National Groundwater Quality Standard (GB/T 14848-2017). At interstitial water stations, all heavy metals except Pb also remain below these limits. Pearson correlation analysis reveals significant positive correlations between As and Hg (r=0.661, p<0.01), As and Zn (r=0.915, p<0.05), and Cd and Hg (r=0.918, p<0.05), suggesting common pollution sources. Most stations have a single-factor pollution index below 1, indicating safe levels. However, a small number of interstitial water stations record Pb index values between 1 and 3, indicating mild to moderate pollution. The multi-factor comprehensive pollution index is 0.27 for well water stations (safe), and 1.73 for interstitial water stations (mild pollution). Metagenomic analysis of groundwater samples identifies 21 MRGs and 39 classified bacterial phyla that potentially harbor these genes. This study provides insights into the distribution, potential sources, and microbial involvement in heavy metal contamination in groundwater of the sea-land interaction zone of the Yangtze River Estuary.

Key words: groundwater, heavy metal, sea-land interaction zone, risk assessment, metal resistance gene

中图分类号:

X523
X172

晏金琳, 张家伟, 刘文晓, 李月, 范佳慧, 王锦龙, 董宏坡. 长江口海陆交互带地下水重金属污染特征及微生物响应[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(3): 148-160.

Jinlin YAN, Jiawei ZHANG, Wenxiao LIU, Yue LI, Jiahui FAN, Jinlong WANG, Hongpo DONG. Heavy metal contamination and microbial response in groundwater of the Yangtze River Estuary sea-land interaction zone[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(3): 148-160.

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等级	单因子污染指数分类标准		多因子综合污染指数分类标准
等级	P_i	污染等级	P_n	污染等级
1	P_i≤1	安全	P_n≤0.7	安全
2	1<P_i≤2	轻度	0.7<P_n≤1	预警
3	2<P_i≤3	中度	1<P_n≤2	轻度
4	P_i>3	重度	2<P_n≤3	中度
5			P_n>3	重度

站位		元素浓度/(μg/L)
站位		Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb	As	Hg
井水	CM1	-	47.16	-	1.16	3.75	0.04
	CM2	-	37.15	-	0.36	2.70	0.05
	CM3	-	49.96	-	-	0.45	0.03
	CM4	-	34.33	-	2.04	0.71	0.03
	CM5	-	28.78	-	-	1.60	0.02
	QD1	-	34.14	-	2.26	0.45	0.03
	QD2	-	61.08	-	0.55	0.82	0.03
	QD3	-	35.73	-	-	0.23	0.02
	QD4	-	51.86	-	-	0.42	0.02
	TC1	-	64.61	-	0.40	0.21	0.04
	BS1	-	50.80	-	-	0.29	0.03
	PD1	-	70.62	-	-	0.70	0.02
	PD2	-	107.35	-	-	0.21	0.02
	FX1	11.09	64.32	-	-	0.42	0.02
	JS1	7.28	63.78	-	-	0.30	0.02
	HS	8.79	68.95	-	-	0.56	0.02
	CX1	14.28	60.63	-	-	0.38	0.02
	CX2	16.18	32.98	-	-	0.23	0.02
间隙水	YWZ	67.93	163.94	1.98	2.42	1.07	0.03
	PDP1	33.18	156.98	0.59	15.08	1.35	0.03
	PDP2	40.14	155.18	0.32	24.32	1.95	0.02
	PDP3	25.25	117.63	0.13	12.84	1.51	0.02
	CMP1	17.87	381.50	0.76	2.00	3.47	0.03
	CMP2	37.45	167.04	0.20	12.57	1.61	0.02

地下水类型	元素	检出率/%	浓度范围/(μg/L)	平均值/(μg/L)	中位数/(μg/L)	百分比/%	国家Ⅲ类标准/(μg/L)
井水	Cu	27.78	7.28~16.18	11.52	11.09	5.52	1000
	Zn	100	28.78~107.35	53.57	51.33	92.40	1000
	Cd	0	-	-	-	-	5
	Pb	33.33	0.36~2.26	1.13	0.85	0.65	10
	As	100	0.21~3.75	0.80	0.44	1.38	10
	Hg	100	0.02~0.05	0.03	0.02	0.05	1
间隙水	Cu	100	17.87~67.93	36.97	35.32	15.31	1000
	Zn	100	117.63~381.50	190.38	160.46	78.87	1000
	Cd	100	0.13~1.98	0.66	0.46	0.27	5
	Pb	100	2.00~24.32	11.54	12.71	4.78	10
	As	100	1.07~3.47	1.83	1.56	0.76	10
	Hg	100	0.02~0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	1

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