在工业政策越来越复杂的现代世界中, 欧亚经济联盟成员国(Eurasian Economic Union, EAEU)和中国不仅对建立更加平衡的贸易和投资关系感兴趣, 而且还希望加强伙伴关系并提供区域经济合作. 中国与欧亚社会之间的伙伴关系具有挑战性. 与此同时, 这种合作还鼓励我们该如何达成务实的妥协、如何使政策相辅相成. 通过将因果关系和解释方法运用到中欧亚务实合作，概述了中欧亚伙伴关系战略优势的新机遇. 因为, 中欧亚伙伴关系不仅会促进地区的发展, 还会促进全球经贸关系的发展. 本观察研究为区域经济一体化提供了一个现代的视角.
China and Laos are neighbors by water. The two countries are both located in Asia and their cooperation is not only limited to human interaction; China and Laos also have strong economic collaboration. Under the proposed Belt and Road Initiative, the economic cooperation between China will enable Laos to further develop its economic sector. In particular, the adoption of the China-Indochina Economic Corridor Initiative since 2016 has laid the foundation for the expansion of economic cooperation and the development of the economic integration model between China and Laos. This article offers an overview of the Belt and Road strategy. It analyzes the economic cooperation between China and Laos, and then explores the economy of China and Laos under the context of “One Belt One Road”, relative to the modes, industrial structures, and levels of economic cooperation. The development opportunities aim to strengthen mutual understanding of the economic cooperation between the two countries.
埃及与中国同为世界上历史最悠久的文明古国, 近年来在贸易、政治、文化领域来往密切, 在“一带一路”倡议与海上丝绸之路的框架下签订了关于建立全面战略伙伴关系的联合声明. 一些研究者与反对者质疑中国是否有能力实现复兴“一带一路”与海上丝绸之路的梦想, 包括目标国家是否有能力落实相关计划项目等. 简要梳理了有关海上丝绸之路对中埃关系的影响, 以及“一带一路”倡议对促进中埃双方互利共赢、共同繁荣, 加强友好往来影响的重要历史节点; 对比了两国的政治、经济和文化指标, 通过归纳法驳斥了一些质疑. 数据表明, 在中埃双方于2014年共建全面战略合作伙伴关系后, 埃及已成为中国在非洲的第四大贸易伙伴, 同时, 中国也是埃及的最大贸易伙伴, 且在埃及投资的中国公司总数在2019年达到了1 668所, 中国的投资总额达到了71亿美元, 在对埃及投资的外国国家中排名第20位, 并逐步向前10名迈进. 同时, 中埃贸易交换率从2017年的110亿上升至130亿, 同比上涨18.2%. 埃及对中国出口额在2018年上升至18亿, 而在2014年时只有3.3亿. 中国在埃及的各项投资领域中, 石油以43.6%排名第一, 工业以31.5%排名第二, 其后分别是占比13.6%的服务业、 5.8%的建筑, 以及余下2.8%的其他行业. 简而言之, 这些政策成功促进了两国实现共同繁荣的目标, 并且为其他国家树立了榜样.
中巴经济走廊是中国和巴基斯坦共同发起的一项大型战略性项目, 旨在加强两国经济和政治关系, 更好地造福两国人民. 这一项目涵盖能源基础设施、工业园区、铁路、港口、电信、信息技术和农业等领域投资. 中巴经济走廊虽处于发展起步阶段, 但这一项目为中国和巴基斯坦创造了潜在的商业和就业机会, 因而被中巴两国政策制定者和政府官员视为革命性战略. 基于中巴经济走廊发展现状, 重点探究了该项目的潜在效益及其对巴基斯坦当地居民产生的社会和经济影响. 结果表明, 中巴经济走廊改善了沿线基础设施条件, 增加了中巴双方及其与世界其他地区之间的贸易和投资机会, 并使巴基斯坦发展成为重要的区域贸易和商业中心.
大多数非洲国家在经济发展方面与中国有着良好的合作. 在过去10年中, 中国在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区帮助过大多数发展项目, 主要是发展基础设施. “一带一路”倡议的出台, 为撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲国家, 特别是内陆国家提供了一个机会, 通过海上丝绸之路与内陆运输走廊的一体化, 与中国建立联系, 确保通过合作共赢, 共同繁荣. 通过建立东非和中非国家之间的内陆运输网络, 将肯尼亚蒙巴萨港的海上丝绸之路与中非连接起来. 最短路径运输问题将用于设计运输路线. 通过将内陆运输网络与海上丝绸之路连接起来, 从而发展中国市场直接进入中非. 结果表明, 发展与海上丝绸之路腹地的连接, 减少了运输时间, 增加了通往更多非洲国家的通道. 这将使中国市场向更多的非洲国家转移, 同时也为中国投资发展内陆交通基础设施提供了机会, 使这些国家受益.
中国的“一带一路”倡议(Belt and Road Initiative, BRI)利用陆地和海洋来连接非洲、亚洲和欧洲, 以通过发展全球基础设施实现更紧密的经济连通性、包容性贸易与合作. 中国人的发展和成就经验有可能被非洲人转移或复制. 调查了中国公司在加纳(如果有)的知识转移中的作用及其对当地发展和南南合作的影响. 中国公司在教加纳工人什么？“一带一路”倡议计划的结果是增加中国在加纳的影响力, 它将如何影响发展和南南合作？通过问卷调查和非结构化访谈, 在2019年3月至4月期间, 共对加纳的10家中国公司和企业收集了320份加纳答复. 研究发现, 尽管存在一些挑战, 但加纳工人仍认识到中国公司的学习和知识转移. 因此“一带一路”倡议的实施将通过跨国知识转移(Transnational Knowledge Transfer, TKT)来促进中加合作, 从而促进当地的工业化和技术以及商业和金融.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Mongolia and China 70 years ago, bilateral cooperation has developed from a simple exchange of commodities to multiple fields of cooperation spanning the economy, trade, and industry; with this change, the exchange of culture and people has increased in size and frequency. In recent years, the leaders of both sides have emphasized that the comprehensive strategic partnership between Mongolia and China is at its best point in history. The cultural exchange and cooperation between Mongolia and China are an important part of the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries. In November 2015, the Joint Statement of Mongolia and the People’s Republic of China on Deepening the Development of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership proposed that the two sides will study and establish a Mongolian-Chinese Common Committee for humanities exchange, comprehensively promote cooperation in the field of cultural exchange and humanities between the two countries, and consolidate the basis of friendship between their respective citizens. In December 2017, the foreign ministers of Mongolia and China issued a joint press release, which stated that the two sides agreed to actively carry out exchanges spanning culture, education, science and technology, sports, tourism, youth, and other fields in order to enhance mutual understanding and trust. In early 2018, the first meeting of the Mongolian-Chinese Common Committee on Humanities Exchange was co-chaired in Beijing. The two sides reached consensus on a number of issues and signed meeting minutes. This paper tries to analyze possible shortcomings of the two sides in the cultural and humanities exchange from the perspective of Mongolian-Chinese cultural cooperation. Further, the paper offers some suggestions to enhance the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two sides.
Djibouti is an important gateway to Africa for the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. The country has experienced positive economic development over the past ten years. A politically stable and economically successful Djibouti would facilitate China’s cooperation with other countries in the region, and economically benefit the Great Horn region by exploiting the “flying geese Model”. The paper starts with an overview of Djibouti after 1977 as well as its relationship with neighboring countries and world powers. Then, the paper explores Djibouti’s political system and its path of economic development. Ethiopia is the most influential country for Djibouti in Africa, so studying the relationship between Ethiopia and Djibouti is an unavoidable step in further understanding this country in depth. Djibouti is an important participating country of the Maritime Silk Road. In recent years, China and Djibouti have developed a very close relationship in many fields and at different levels. Accordingly, the fifth part of this paper focuses on the China-Djibouti relationship. Finally, the last part of the paper is dedicated to a case study, analyzing four Chinese companies in Djibouti. Their investment and operating characteristics are different but each of them represents a strategy for overseas investment.
Oceans are an important place for the integration of civilizations and a link for economic exchange among the countries of the world. The 21st century Maritime Silk Road covers many countries across three continents. These countries have various geographical characteristics, resources, cultures, and customs. Based on the theory of geopolitics, this paper analyzes the political difficulties faced by the Maritime Silk Road; specifically, the paper clarifies the potential geopolitical problems and categorizes countries according to their geopolitical characteristics. The paper then offers suggestions for avoiding political risks, while exploring business opportunities. In this context, China is breaking the traditional military competition between super powers to build a new world order through economic development and international trade, emphasizing a peaceful rise in the new era.
中国国家主席习近平在2013年宣布了一条21世纪的海上丝绸之路去连接海域, 以促进互联互通和区域合作. 这些经济走廊旨在实现双赢合作, 并形成一条经济轨道, 旨在为所有有关国家实现共同繁荣. 在肯尼亚, 中国国务院总理李克强在2014年签署了一项38亿美元的协议, 以建造一条将内罗毕连接至东非最大的港口——蒙巴萨港口的标准轨距铁路(SGR). SGR自2017年5月起开始运作, 为整个东非地区以及世界其他地区提供了社会和经济联系. 这些经济进步毋庸置疑. 但是, 值得注意的是, 包括肯尼亚在内的丝绸之路沿线的大多数国家的硬基础设施和软基础设施发展水平都较低. 尽管中国着手于填补这个明显的差距, 但仍然存在很多问题: ①肯尼亚和中国如何才能为缩小现有贸易差距而紧密合作以建立合作模式? ② 中国如何与肯尼亚合作改善软硬基础设施, 例如公司治理、研究合作以及肯尼亚金融机构的发展, 以实现双赢合作? 结论是, 为了在中国和肯尼亚之间建立更强有力的经济合作模式, 将采取一系列措施, 如减少贸易逆差, 增加硬基础和软基础设施的支持, 以实现共同繁荣.
通过分析巴基斯坦、中亚国家和中国在1978—2015年间的农业进出口数据来探究中亚国家与中国之间的贸易前景. 在互利政策与合作基础上, 巴基斯坦和中国有许多共同的项目. 使用定性的方法来探索巴基斯坦和中国在海上丝绸之路背景下的农业贸易联系. 研究发现中国大批量生产豆类, 在农产品生产中处于主导地位. 数据显示, 巴基斯坦和中国的农业进口价值均不低; 中亚国家也从邻国进口肉类, 大米和农业投入品. 研究价值在于中国和少数几个中亚国家的进出口额相近, 而中国和巴基斯坦之间的进出口额差距很大. 本文建议决策者增加中国与海上丝绸之路沿线其他地区(尤其是巴基斯坦)之间的出口量, 以促进在这些地区的投资活动和贸易, 通过互利合作达到共同繁荣.
中波自建交以来保持着良好的合作关系. 随着中国不断发展, 特别是“一带一路”倡议的提出, 中国与欧洲的交流合作更加紧密. 波兰位于东西方的交汇点, 对推动中欧合作具有重要影响. 本文分析了波兰和中国双边贸易的基本情况及发展趋势, 提出了“17 + 1”合作框架下波中合作的机遇和挑战, 并给提出对策建议.
中国综合性科技类核心期刊(北大核心)
