Regional-specific distribution of organophosphate esters in road dust from multiple land types

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.06.006

Abstract

Abstract:

This study determined concentrations of more than twenty organophosphate ester (OPE) congeners in road dust samples collected from urban/suburb, agricultural, and forest regions in Hangzhou, and elucidated their spatial trends. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate was the predominant congener. Additionally, significant regional-specific variations in the dust-associated OPE residues were observed. High OPE concentrations were generally found in the road dust sampled from sites with high human population densities and adjacent to trunk roads, highlighting the substantial contributions of anthropogenic activities and vehicular emission to the OPE burdens. Moreover, the OPE exposure rate for the local cohorts via ingestion of and dermal contact with road dust was estimated. The estimated values of OPE exposure were at least 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the documented reference doses, suggesting that the associated health risks to Hangzhou residents were negligible.

Key words: contaminants of emerging concern, organophosphate esters, road dust, spatial patterns, human exposure

CLC Number:

X132

Ruihe JIN, Yuyun YANG, Yan WU, Jing YANG, Min LIU. Regional-specific distribution of organophosphate esters in road dust from multiple land types[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(6): 62-73.

Figures/Tables 8

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Table 1

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人群	摄入率/(mg/d)	可供接触的皮肤表面积/(cm²/d)	灰尘对皮肤的附着系数/(mg/cm²)	吸收系数/%	暴露频率/(d/a)	体重/kg
成人	100	2145	0.07	13	365	70.0
儿童	200	1150	0.20	13	365	31.8
参数表示	ingestion rate, IGR, 记为R	skin area, SA, 记为A	affinity coefficient, AF, 记为C_AF	absorption coefficient, ABS, 记为C_ABS	exposure frequency, EF, 记为F	body weight, BW, 记为W

OPEs	OPEs浓度水平/(ng/g)			检出率/%
OPEs	中位数	最大值	最小值	检出率/%
TEP	1.34	9.3	0.27	100
TCEP	4.01	122.2	<MDL	99
TIPRP	<MDL	0.2	<MDL	18
TPRP	<MDL	0.2	<MDL	35
TCIPP	246.07	2468.0	<MDL	95
V6	0.25	12.1	<MDL	82
TDCIPP	<MDL	21.4	<MDL	4
RDP	0.16	19.9	<MDL	53
TPHP	<MDL	2143.1	<MDL	20
TDBPP	<MDL	4.1	<MDL	10
TNBP	1.96	162.4	<MDL	93
TBOEP	<MDL	22.5	<MDL	13
EHDPHP	1.27	25.3	<MDL	64
TPEP	<MDL	0.2	<MDL	6
T35DMPP	<MDL	3.2	<MDL	22
BPA-BDPP	1.39	706.1	<MDL	96
T2IPPP	<MDL	5.2	<MDL	36
T4tBPP	<MDL	3.7	<MDL	40
TEHP	14.03	372.1	1.32	100
2IPPDPP	<MDL	7.6	<MDL	28
4IPPDPP	<MDL	614.8	<MDL	24
TOTP	<MDL	14.2	<MDL	1
TMTP + TPTP	<MDL	59.0	<MDL	46
∑OPEs	343.91	3436.5	11.96	100

地区	OPEs浓度水平/(ng/g)					参考文献
地区	TEP	TCEP	TCIPP	TNBP	EHDPHP	参考文献
杭州	1.7	13.8	318.6	6.0	3.1	本研究
北京	53.7	397.1	1010.2	41.1		[44]
南京 (城市)	4.6	7.8	90.7	3.0	3.0	[45]
南京 (农村)	2.5	3.3	7.1	2.2	0.1	[45]
重庆 (城市)	25.2	6.7		68.3		[46]
重庆 (农村)	5.1	12.0		95.5		[46]
重庆 (商业区)	2.1	0.6	9.1		9.9	[47]
河南 (城市道路灰尘)	7.3	23.2	33.9	1.5		[48]
苏州 (道路)	3.3		804.1			[49]
纽约 (机场)	12.3	15.9	26.2	18.8	1.3	[50]
伊拉克		208.9		49.2	204.2	[51]

	TEP	TCEP	TCIPP	V6	TNBP	EHDPHP	BPA-BDPP	TEHP	∑OPEs	人口密度
TCEP	0.341^*
TCIPP	0.285^*	0.192^*
V6	0.258^*	0.444^*	0.004
TNBP	0.200^*	0.289^*	0.088	0.413^*
EHDPHP	0.293^*	0.399^*	0.034	0.381^*	0.361^*
BPA-BDPP	0.325^*	0.340^*	0.189^*	0.423^*	0.373^*	0.327^*
TEHP	0.189^*	0.423^*	0.017	0.597^*	0.470	0.430^*	0.344^*
∑OPEs	0.258^*	0.279^*	0.673^*	0.155	0.225	0.186^*	0.258^*	0.203^*
人口密度	0.039	0.222^*	–0.135	0.306^*	0.386^*	0.268^*	0.193^*	0.425^*	0.176
距最近主干道距离	–0.112	–0.164^*	–0.029	–0.146	–0.210^*	–0.047	–0.246^*	–0.191^*	–0.027	–0.321^*

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