Simultaneous determination of phenolic pollutants in wastewater using CE-AD

Abstract

Abstract: A method based on capillary electrophoresis coupled with amperometric detection (CE-AD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of phenols: 2,4-dichlorophenol, p-nitrophenol, o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol. The effects of working electrode potential, pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and injection time on CE-AD were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, the aim analytes could be separated in buffer solution of Na₂HPO₄-NaOH at pH 11.38 within 25 min. A 300 μm diameter carbon disk electrode generated good current responses at +0.78 V ( vs SCE) for all analytes. The current responses were linear with concentrations over three orders of magnitude with detection limits at 10^-7mol/L (S/N=3) and the recoveries were in the range of 94.0%～107.0%. This method could be successfully applied to the analysis of actual sample from coking plants with satisfactory results.

Key words: capillary electrophoresis, separation, amperometric detection, wastewater, phenolic compounds

CLC Number:

X132

LI Zi-cheng, TANG Wan-rong, ZHU Jin-kun, WANG Qing-jiang, HE Pin-gang, FANG Yu-zhi. Simultaneous determination of phenolic pollutants in wastewater using CE-AD[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(1): 128-138.

References

［1］ BABICH H, DAVIS D L. Phenol: A review of environmental and health risks［J］. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1981, 1(1): 90-109.

［2］ ZEMANN A, VOLGGER D. Separation of priority pollutant phenols with coelectroosmotic capillary electrophoresis［J］. Anal Chem, 1997, 69(16): 3243-3250.

［3］ XIAO J P, WANG X F, ZHOU Q X, et al. Rapid determination of phenolic compounds in water samples by alternating-current oscillopolarographic titration［J］. Journal of Environmental Science, 2007, 19: 622-627.

［4］ GEORGE W W. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (Vol.155)［M］. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1998.

［5］ SARAJI M, BAKHSHI M. Determination of phenols in water samples by single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection［J］. J Chromatography A, 2005, 1098(1-2): 30-36.

［6］ CHEN W, CHEN L, FANG J C. Determination of phenols in contaminated water by HPLC and its application［J］. Shanghai Environment Science, 2000, 19(10): 492-494.

［7］ CARRIERI G, CAVALLI S, RAGONE P P, et al. Characterization of phenolic compounds in landfill leachate of urban solid waste by HPLC with an electrochemical detector［J］. Annali Di Chimica, 1998, 88(9-10): 619-627.

［8］ LEE H B, PEART T E. Organic contaminants in Canadian municipal sewage sludge. Part I. Toxic or endocrine-disrupting phenolic compounds［J］. Water Quality Research Journal of Canada, 2000, 37(4): 681-696.

［9］ KARAPANAGIOTIS K, LAKKA A, VALIANOU L, et al. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of colouring matters in historical garments from the Holy Mountain of Athos［J］. Microchim Acta, 2008, 160: 477.

［10］ XIAO X H, YIN Y, HU Y L, et al. Gongke determination of trace phenolic compounds in water samples by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC［J］. Journal of Instrumental Analysis, 2007, 26(6): 797-801.

［11］ CHANG Q, SHEN X T, WANG J, et al. GC determination of phenols in water with liquid-phase microextraction［J］. PTCA(Part B: Chem Anal ), 2009, 45(1): 91-93.

［12］ ANTONIA MARIA CARRO DIAZ, LORENZO-FERREIRA R A, CELA-TORRIJOS R. Validation and quality control of methylmercury determinations by means of capillary electrophoresis［J］. Microchim Acta, 1996, 123(1-4): 73-86.

［13］ GUO X F, WANG Z H, ZHOU S P. Simultaneous separation and determination of benzenediol and nitrophenol isomers by capillary zone electrophoresis［J］. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2004, 32(4): 489-492.

［14］ TANG A D, SU L N, ZHONG Y L, et al. Study on separation of cresol isomers by capillary zone electrophoresis［J］. Fujian Analysis & Testing 2010, 19(2): 6-13.

［15］ CHI L Z, LI Z C, DONG S Q, et al. Simultaneous determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Chinese herbal tea by beta-cyclodextrin based capillary zone electrophoresis［J］. Microchim Acta, 2009, 167: 179-185.

［16］ MORALES S, CELA R. Capillary electrophoresis and sample stacking in non-aqueous media for the analysis of priority pollutant phenols［J］. J Chromatography A, 1999, 846(1-2): 401-411.

［17］ BALDWIN R P. Electrochemical detection of carbohydrates at constant potential after HPLC and CE separations［J］. Journal of Chromatography Library, 2002, 66: 947-947.

［18］ WANG, Q J, DING F, LI H, et al. Effect of diluting agent on sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection［J］. Electrophoresis, 2003, 24(10): 1687-1692.

［19］ WANG Q J, CHEN X, LU J, et al. Study on sensitivity development of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid by CZE-AD with p-methyl benzoate as stacking agent［J］. Electrophoresis, 2005, 26(17): 3273-3278.

［20］ LI Z C, CHI L Z, ZHU J K, et al. Simultaneous determination of active ingredients in blueberry wine by CE-AD［J］. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2011, 22(10): 1237-1240.

［21］ WANG Q J, DING F, ZHU N N, et al. Determination of hydroxyl radical by capillary zone electrophoresis with amperometric detection［J］. Journal of Chromatography A, 2003, 1016: 123.

［22］ SIREN H, JUMPPANEN J H, MANNINEN K, et al. Introduction of migration indices for identification: Chiral separation of some β-blockers by using cyclodextrins in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography［J］. Electrophoresis, 1994, 15: 779-784.

［23］ JUMPPANEN J H, RIEKKOLA M L. Marker techniques for high-accuracy identification in CZE［J］. Anal Chem, 1996, 67(6): 1060-1066.

［24］ ROBERT J H. Zeta Potential in Colloid Science-Principles and Applications［M］. London: Academic Press, 1981.

［25］ PARK H M, CHOI Y J. Electroosmotic flow driven by oscillating zeta potentials: Comparison of the Poisson-Boltzmann model, the Debye-Huckel model and the Nernst-Planck model［J］. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(19-20): 4279-4295.

［26］ CHICHARRO M, SACHEZ A, ZAPARDIEL A, et al. Capillary electrophoresis of neurotransmitters with ampero-metric detection at melanin-type polymer-modified carbon electrodes［J］. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 523(2): 185-189.

[1]	Zheng WEI, Yanmei YANG, Rui WENG, Yan HE, Minsheng HUANG. A review of the upgrading technology for the A²/O process of municipal wastewater treatment plants under high discharge standards in China [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 55-63.
[2]	Can GE, Weiguo ZHANG. Magnetic properties of particle-sized fractions of sediments in the Changjiang Estuary and neighboring shelf, and its environmental implications [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 30-41.
[3]	HUANG Min-sheng, YANG Yin-chuan, CUI He, YANG Le, HE Yan, CAO Cheng-jin. Experimental study on a new type of suspended filler for enhanced nitrification [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2019, 2019(6): 115-122.
[4]	CUI He, YANG Yin-chuan, HUANG Min-sheng, YANG Le, YIN Chao, HE Yan, CAO Cheng-jin. Experimental study on a new enhanced in-situ denitrification device for upgrading domestic wastewater treatment plants [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2018, 2018(6): 12-21.
[5]	WANG Guan, TANG Wan-Rong, GE Shu-Li, HAN Ruo-Bing, WANG Qing-Jiang, HE Pin-Gang, FANG Yu-Zhi. Online sample focusing technique in capillary electrophoresisamperometric detection for biogenic amines [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2016, 2016(1): 123-133.
[6]	ZHU Jin-kun, SHU Lu, WU Min, WANG Qing-jiang, HE Pin-gang, FANG Yu-zhi. Investigation on chemiluminescence detection of vitamin B₁₂ with capillary electrophoresis [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(5): 96-101.
[7]	YANG Yu-lin, ZHAO Xiao-yin, ZHAO Wen-jie, ZHOU Tian-shu. Study on carbamate pesticides by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2012, 2012(5): 54-61.
[8]	HAN Bing-bing, WANG Cui-cui, LI Xin-jun, ZOU Xin-zhuo. Research on separation method of highly polar compound DMC and impurities in it by HILIC [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2011, 2011(6): 132-138.
[9]	WANG Kai-rong;WANG Yi-li;CAO Wei. Higher order optimality conditions for weakly Benson proper efficient solutions of nonconvex set-valued optimization problems [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2011, 2011(3): 59-67.
[10]	CHEN Yu-xia; GENG Liang;HUANG Min-sheng;LIN Jian-bo;HE Yan;ZHU Yong. Inoculated sludge selection and start-up of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactors for the treatment of municipal wastewater [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2011, 2011(1): 87-94.
[11]	LENG Cui-ping;ZHENG Yu-fan;ZHANG Xiao-mei. Predictive Control of Networked Systems with Data Packed(Chinese) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2007, 2007(3): 82-88.
[12]	ZHOU Tian-shu;SHI Guo-yue;WU Fang;FANG Yu-zhi. Study on Bambuterol and Its Metabolite in Rat Serum by Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection(Chinese) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2006, 2006(6): 47-52.
[13]	CHEN Xiang;WANG Qing-jiang;DING Fei;LU Jin;HE Pin-gang;FANG Yu-zhi. Determination of Content of RNA in Yeast by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection(Chinese) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2006, 2006(2): 7-12.
[14]	GUAN Yue-qing;CHU Qing-cui;YE Jian-nong. Determination of β-agonists in Meat Products by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection(Chinese) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2005, 2005(2): 85-90,9.
[15]	TANG Min;YANG Kai;HUANG Chang-ying. Study on Influential Factors and Regulating on Discharge Levy of Catering and Service Industries in Shanghai [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2003, 2003(3): 88-94.