Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil of the public area in an industrial park on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.01.014

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated the heavy metal distribution characteristics, assess the pollution status, and identify potential pollution sources. A total of 514 topsoil samples were collected in the public area of the industrial park, and 11 element concentrations were tested. The concentration distribution of heavy metals was characterized on the plane using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Our research involved the application of various analytical methods, including single factor index analysis, potential ecological risk index assessment, and principal component analysis-absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (PCA-APCS-MLR). The results revealed that all 10 heavy metals, except for Cr (Ⅵ) which was below the detection limit, were detected in concentrations surpassing the background values. The regional proportion were Cu (86%) > Cd (71%) > Co (53%) > Ni (50%) > Be (45%) > As (42%) > Sb (40%) > Pb (23%) > V (16%) > Hg (4%), and the concentrations of all major elements were relatively high. Moreover, there were areas with extremely strong (Cd element proportion was 1.7%, Sb element proportion was 1.5%) and very strong (Cd element proportion is 1.0%, Sb element proportion is 0.2%) ecological risk levels. They were all located near large chemical enterprises on the northwest side of the park. The composite ecological risk index of heavy metals in surface soil belonged to moderate ecological hazards, and there was a certain degree of ecological hazard risk. The main heavy metal pollution sources in the surface soil of the study area included chemical and combustion sources, natural sources, and transportation sources, accounting for 27.2%, 17.0%, and 11.0% of the pollution load, respectively.

Key words: industrial park, heavy metals, pollution assessment

CLC Number:

Wenchao LI. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in soil of the public area in an industrial park on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(1): 134-143.

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等级划分	$ {P}_{i} $	污染水平
Ⅰ	$ {P}_{i} $ ≤ 1	无污染
Ⅱ	1 < $ {P}_{i} $ ≤ 2	轻度污染
Ⅲ	2 < $ {P}_{i} $ ≤ 3	中度污染
Ⅳ	$ {P}_{i} $ > 3	重度污染

指数等级	${E}_{i}$	I_R
轻微生态危害	${E}_{i}$ < 40	< 150
中等生态危害	40 ≤ ${E}_{i}$ < 80	150 ≤ I_R < 300
强生态危害	80 ≤ ${E}_{i}$ < 160	300 ≤ I_R < 600
很强生态危害	160 ≤ ${E}_{i}$ < 320	600 ≤ I_R < 1200
极强生态危害	${E}_{i}$ ≥ 320	I_R ≥ 1200

重金属	最小值	最大值	平均值	不同污染指数数量占比/%
				Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
				($ {P}_{i} $ ≤ 1)	(1 < $ {P}_{i} $ ≤ 2)	(2 < $ {P}_{i} $ ≤ 3)	($ {P}_{i} $ > 3)
Cu	0.41	17.32	1.56	14	71	12	3
Sb	0.28	14.00	1.11	60	35	3	3
As	0.24	3.53	1.05	58	39	2	1
Pb	0.30	6.87	0.89	77	22	0	0
Be	0.27	2.81	1.04	55	41	3	0
Ni	0.11	2.63	1.04	49	49	1	0
Co	0.44	7.06	1.06	47	53	0	0
Hg	0.06	5.88	0.36	96	3	1	0
Cd	0.08	49.21	1.91	29	53	12	6
V	0.24	3.15	0.71	84	15	0	0

重金属	最小值	最大值	平均值	不同${E}_{i}$的样品数量/个
				轻微	中等	强	很强	极强
				(${E}_{i}$ < 40)	(40 ≤ ${E}_{i}$ < 80)	(80 ≤ ${E}_{i}$ < 160)	(160 ≤ ${E}_{i}$ < 320)	(${E}_{i}$ ≥ 320)
Cu	2.05	86.59	7.81	511	2	1	0	0
Sb	11.20	560.00	44.58	282	202	23	5	1
As	2.40	35.30	10.50	514	0	0	0	0
Pb	1.50	34.40	4.50	514	0	0	0	0
Be	0.41	4.31	1.60	514	0	0	0	0
Ni	1.00	13.00	5.00	514	0	0	0	0
Co	2.20	35.30	5.30	514	0	0	0	0
Hg	2.22	234.29	14.38	495	16	4	1	0
Cd	2.38	1476.19	57.33	227	250	21	9	8
V	0.50	6.30	1.40	514	0	0	0	0

名称	载荷系数
名称	主成分 1 (27.2%)	主成分 2 (17.0%)	主成分 3 (11.0%)
Cu	0.706	0.106	–0.245
Sb	0.660	0.089	–0.160
As	0.811	–0.149	–0.132
Pb	0.569	–0.056	0.365
Be	0.127	0.002	0.765
Ni	0.430	–0.661	0.176
Co	0.457	0.517	0.002
Hg	0.497	–0.122	–0.300
Cd	0.393	0.319	0.393
V	0.002	0.911	–0.008