华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (1): 25-42.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.003

• 流域新兴污染物分布与生态风险 • 上一篇    下一篇

水体中微塑料和抗生素相互作用及复合毒性的研究进展

赵永乐, 张妍*()   

  1. 西北大学 城市与环境学院, 西安 710127
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-15 接受日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 张妍 E-mail:yanz@nwu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目 (42273056)

Research progress on the interaction mechanisms and combined toxicity of microplastics and antibiotics in aquatic environments

Yongle ZHAO, Yan ZHANG*()   

  1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
  • Received:2025-10-15 Accepted:2025-12-05 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Yan ZHANG E-mail:yanz@nwu.edu.cn

摘要:

微塑料和抗生素这两种新污染物已成为当今研究的热点, 从多个中英文数据库收集了我国水体中微塑料和抗生素的丰度、种类等数据, 系统阐述了微塑料和抗生素的分布特征、吸附机制及对生物的危害. 结果显示, 水库中微塑料丰度最高 (4.70~27.5 个/L, 平均12.08 个/L), 其次为河流 (平均8.83 个/L), 湖泊最低 (平均6.19 个/L). 河流中抗生素平均浓度达102.93 ng/L, 高于湖泊 (平均34.37 ng/L) 和水库 (平均43.91 ng/L). 范德华力普遍存在于微塑料与抗生素分子之间, 极性较大的微塑料更容易与抗生素形成氢键和静电作用, 含特殊官能团的微塑料可形成π-π相互作用. 老化使微塑料表面暴露更多的含氧官能团, 显著提升吸附量. 微塑料-抗生素复合物被生物摄入后, 可在器官发生积累效应, 抑制生长, 长期胁迫还会改变生物结构并增加抗性基因传播. 建议严格管控排放源, 推广生物可降解塑料的使用, 完善塑料回收体系, 并加强真实环境中吸附过程与复合毒性研究.

关键词: 微塑料, 抗生素, 分布特征, 复合毒性

Abstract:

Microplastics and antibiotics are emerging contaminants that have become a major focus of current research. Data from Chinese and English databases were compiled to assess their distribution, adsorption mechanisms, and biological hazards in aquatic environments across China. Microplastic levels were highest in reservoirs (4.70~27.5 items/L, average 12.08 items/L), followed by rivers (average 8.83 items/L), and lowest in lakes (average 6.19 items/L). Average antibiotic concentrations were greatest in rivers (102.93 ng/L), exceeding those in lakes (34.37 ng/L) and reservoirs (43.91 ng/L). Van der Waals forces consistently occur between microplastics and antibiotics, while higher polarity MPs readily form hydrogen bonds. Functional groups facilitated π-π interactions and aging microplastics expose more oxygen-containing functional groups that significantly enhance adsorption. Once ingested, microplastic-antibiotic complexes can accumulate in organs, inhibit growth, alter biological structures under prolonged exposure, and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. Effective mitigation requires strengthening control of emission sources, improved recycling systems, adoption of biodegradable plastics, and strengthening research on adsorption processes and combined toxicity under real-world conditions.

Key words: microplastics, antibiotics, distribution characteristics, combined toxicity

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