Research on the muon excess in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray of extensive air-showers

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.03.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Recently, several air shower observatories established that the number of muons produced in ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays from extensive air-showers is significantly larger than that predicted by models. This study confirms that when ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays scatter on air particles, gluon condensation may occur. At this point, the production of strange quarks is significantly enhanced, such that more kaon will be generated in fragmentation products, and the air shower energy will be further distributed to the hadron cascade, which may explain the muon puzzle.

Key words: muon excess, gluon condensation, strange quark

CLC Number:

O572.25

Zhiyi CUI, Jintao WU, Jianhong RUAN. Research on the muon excess in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray of extensive air-showers[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(3): 27-35.

Figures/Tables 5

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$ {\mathrm{\alpha }}_{\mathrm{s}} $	${{m} }_{\mathrm{s} }/{\rm{MeV} }$	${R}_{\rm{GC}}$	${R}_{\rm{QGP}}$
2.2	280	0.30	0.1
$ 0.6 $	150	0.45	0.3

$k_{\rm{c}}$	R
$k_{\rm{c}}$	${\mu }_{\rm{B}}=1.5\,\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$	${\mu }_{\rm{B}}=2.0\, \mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$	${\mu }_{\rm{B}}=2.5\, \mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$
$0.50$	1.7	2.8	4.2
$0.65$	1.3	2.0	2.9
$0.80$	1.1	1.6	2.1