Content and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Qingcaosha Reservoir in Shanghai

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Surface sediments were collected from five representative areas—the floodgate entrance, the north and south sides of the reclamation area, and the central and downstream sections—of Qingcaosha Reservoir; the pollution characteristics and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg) in these sediments were subsequently investigated. Results showed that the heavy metal content in the surface sediments showed spatial variations: the content was relatively higher in the center of the reservoir and was low in the north and south sides of the reclamation area. Heavy metals in the surface sediments, in addition, were mainly in the residual fraction; the content of heavy metals in the exchangeable fraction was extremely low. A potential ecological risk assessment indicated that the comprehensive potential ecological risk index (E_RI) of the investigated heavy metals ranged from 55 to 113. The maximum E_RI value was observed around the floodgate of the reservoir entrance, and low E_RI values were observed at the north and south sides of the reclamation area. The E_RI was lower than the threshold for low ecological risk, indicating that heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Qingcaosha Reservoir have low potential ecological risk.

Key words: heavy metal, sediment, ecological risk, reservoir, drinking water source

CLC Number:

X131.3

Yiping ZHU, Xiaofei LI, Xia LIANG. Content and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Qingcaosha Reservoir in Shanghai[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 54-62.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Comparison of potential ecological risk indexes of sediment heavy metals in the Qingcaosha Reservoir and the Changjiang Estuary, the Changjiang River Delta, and other reservoirs"

水库名称	E_Cu	E_Zn	E_Pb	E_Cr	E_Cd	E_As	E_Hg	E_RI	文献来源
青草沙水库*	7.03 ± 0.75 (4.26, 10.60)	1.03 ± 0.08 (0.77, 1.45)	7.58 ± 0.62 (4.61, 10.03)	2.25 ± 0.16 (1.65, 3.28)	24.32 ± 2.07 (16.00, 37.00)	19.05 ± 1.83 (9.98, 28.83)	24.51 ± 4.85 (7.27, 54.55)	86 ± 6 (45, 146)	本研究
陈行水库/黄浦江水源地	6.2	0.84	5.37 (4.15, 6.59)		48.96 (27.72, 70.2)		47.80 (45.19, 50.4)	79.5	[30-32]
长江口/青草沙水库/长兴岛*	6.46 ± 1.35 (3.78, 8.09)	1.24 ± 0.09 (1.05, 1.34)	5.29 ± 0.92 (3.64, 6.80)	2.56	255 ± 125 (32.31, 464)	13.79	80.78 ± 31.37 (49.41, 112)	327 ± 138 (114, 584)	[23, 33-34]
长江三角洲近岸及经济区*	12.99 ± 8.50 (4.49, 21.49)	0.88 ± 0.07 (0.81, 0.96)	18.37 ± 13.26 (5.11, 31.63)	2.03	18822 ± 9615 (9208, 28438)	10.22	32831	35277 ± 26 (9262, 61292)	[35-37]
大朝山水库*	4.54 ± 0.55 (3.99, 5.09)	0.71 ± 0.09 (0.62, 0.80)	3.96 ± 0.02 (3.94, 3.98)	1.37 ± 0.11 (1.26, 1.48)	37.65 ± 8.55 (29.10, 46.20)	27.99 ± 0.11 (27.88, 28.09)		76 ± 9 (67, 85)	[2]
漫湾水库*	4.55 ± 0.31 (4.24, 4.85)	0.97 ± 0.03 (0.94, 1.00)	4.26 ± 0.58 (3.68, 4.84)	1.11 ± 0.13 (0.98, 1.23)	52.95 ± 5.85 (47.10, 58.80)	30.04 ± 1.83 (28.21, 31.87)		94 ± 8 (85, 103)	[2]
官厅水库*	9.66 ± 1.06 (5.94, 12.00)	1.81 ± 0.20 (1.04, 2.07)	6.80 ± 0.81 (3.73, 8.49)	4.34 ± 0.37 (2.90, 4.99)	51.14 ± 8.77 (35.30, 78.80)			74 ± 11 (49, 106)	[7, 11]
山美水库	7.12 (3.41, 13.80)	0.53 (0.24, 1.10)	6.54 (3.22, 14.95)	0.59 (0.33, 1.72)	87.95 (54, 142)	7.96 (3.15, 15.14)		110.71	[4]
丹江口水库	3.48	3.12	2.96	1.83	173			185	[1, 12]
密云水库	9.29	1.78	4.29	3.32	693	6.98	120	838	[28]
漳泽水库	9.64	1.46	13.45		547	5.65	627	1204	[13]

Table 6

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点位	纬度(N)	经度(W)	水深/m	位置描述
1 #	31°25′25″	121°42′36″	12.5	上游水闸附近
2 #	31°26′40.12″	121°39′28.78″	12.0	垦区南部水道
3 #	31°28′09.10″	121°37′13.92″	9.0	垦区北部水道
4 #	31°27′16.32″	121°35′36.21″	7.0	库区中部
5 #	31°29′12.34″	121°33′11.00″	3.9	库尾附近

$ {E}_{r} $	$E_{\rm{RI}} $	生态风险等级
$ <40 $	$ <110 $	轻微风险
$ 40 \sim 80 $	$ 110 \sim 220 $	中等风险
$ 80 \sim 160 $	$ 220 \sim 440 $	较强风险
$ 160 \sim 320 $	$\geqslant 440$	很强风险
$\geqslant 320$		极强风险

		Cu	Zn	Pb	Cr	Cd	As	Hg	总含量
2014年夏季	样点1	40.00	80.03	39.41	86.14	0.095	18.05	0.075	264
	样点2	20.65	58.91	24.36	69.35	0.12	9.58	0.012	183
	样点3	50.23	92.31	38.16	110.45	0.11	27.68	0.014	319
	样点4	40.05	110.35	46.36	124.34	0.096	23.62	0.030	345
	样点5	20.18	62.15	21.32	78.35	0.185	11.68	0.010	194
2015年夏季	样点1	40.36	78.93	40.12	79.13	0.14	20.12	0.055	259
	样点2	21.04	62.36	39.26	77.54	0.13	19.54	0.038	220
	样点3	41.42	58.91	21.66	62.46	0.08	14.31	0.020	199
	样点4	37.68	99.62	41.56	87.78	0.16	22.3	0.035	289
	样点5	21.42	77.65	38.15	76.24	0.10	16.02	0.048	230
平均值		33.30	78.12	35.04	85.18	0.12	18.29	0.034	250

		E_Cu	E_Zn	E_Pb	E_Cr	E_Cd	E_As	E_Hg	E_RI
2014年8月	样点1	8.44	1.05	8.53	2.27	19.00	18.80	54.55	113
	样点2	4.36	0.77	5.27	1.83	24.00	9.98	8.73	55
	样点3	10.60	1.21	8.26	2.91	22.00	28.83	10.18	84
	样点4	8.45	1.45	10.03	3.28	19.20	24.60	21.82	89
	样点5	4.26	0.82	4.61	2.07	37.00	12.17	7.27	68
2015年7月	样点1	8.51	1.04	8.68	2.09	28.00	20.96	40.00	109
	样点2	4.44	0.82	8.50	2.05	26.00	20.35	27.64	90
	样点3	8.74	0.77	4.69	1.65	16.00	14.91	14.55	61
	样点4	7.95	1.31	9.00	2.32	32.00	23.23	25.45	101
	样点5	4.52	1.02	8.26	2.01	20.00	16.69	34.91	87
平均值		7.03	1.03	7.58	2.25	24.32	19.05	24.51	86

区域名称	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cr	Cd	As	Hg	文献来源
长江口沉积物背景值	22.80	73.70	21.80	74.10	0.13	9.20	0.05	[25]
青草沙水库	33.30	78.12	35.04	85.18	0.12	18.29	0.03	本研究
陈行水库/黄浦江水源地	35.30 (13.2, 146.72)	70.50 (21.37, 110)	27 (4.00, 39.03)		0.34 (0.021, 0.92)		0.16 (0.052, 0.3)	[30-32]
青草沙水库/ 长兴岛/长江口*	29.48 ± 6.17 (17.24, 36.91)	91.33 ± 6.87 (77.61, 98.72)	23.08 ± 3.99 (15.85, 29.64)	54.20 ± 40.79 (13.41, 94.98)	1.10 ± 0.54 (0.14, 2.01)	12.69	0.10 ± 0.04 (0.06, 0.14)	[23, 33-34]
长江三角洲近岸及经济区*	59.24 ± 38.77 (20.47, 98.00)	65.08 ± 5.51 (59.57, 70.59)	80.10 ± 57.81 (22.29, 137.90)	75.14	81.57 ± 41.67 (39.90, 123.23)	9.40	41.86	[35-37]