Application of constructed wetlands to control rainwater runoff pollution from the water source

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.01.006

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, constructed wetland structures were established using different substrates (gravel and aerated concrete), with or without cannas planting. Subsequently , the effects of different working conditions on rainwater runoff pollution were investigated through small experiments. The cost of the constructed wetland with aerated concrete and cannas (4.20 yuan/working condition) was slightly higher (1.00 ~ 2.90 yuan/working condition higher) than those under other working conditions. However, in both cycles of operation (i.e., alternating operation for 30 h and drying for 48 h), the average removal rates of ${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N, ${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N, TN, ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $, TP and COD_Cr were 73.3%, 47.0%, 85.4%, 56.4%, 76.0%, and 65.5%, respectively. These values were higher than those under other working conditions by an average of 10.9% ~ 18.8%. Thus, this constructed wetland structure had the best effect and the highest cost performance. Therefore, it is suitable for promotion and application.

Key words: drinking water source, rainwater runoff pollution, constructed wetland, non-point pollution source, water supply security

CLC Number:

X506

Ting LIU, Wenxi ZHU, Chengjin CAO, Difang WANG, Haochen DU, Mengzhuo LI, Minsheng HUANG, Yan HE, Yating ZHANG, Xintong LI. Application of constructed wetlands to control rainwater runoff pollution from the water source[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(1): 50-57, 156.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.8

References 21

1	周传庭, 王梦玉, 幸韵欣, 等.. 城市初期雨水污染及处理措施的研究进展. 净水技术, 2022, 41 (7): 17- 26.
2	杨雪, 王磊磊, 吕永鹏.. 金泽水源地绿色基础设施技术示范工程. 净水技术, 2021, 40 (1): 13- 16.
3	曹承进, 陈振楼, 黄民生.. 城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, (2): 9- 20.
4	宋英伟, 年跃刚, 黄民生, 等.. 人工湿地中基质与植物对污染物去除效率的影响. 环境工程学报, 2009, 3 (7): 1213- 1217.
5	ANDREO-MARTINEZ P, GARCIA-MARTINEZ N, QUESADA-MEDINA J, et al.. Domestic wastewaters reuse reclaimed by an improved horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland: A case study in the southeast of Spain. Bioresource Technology, 2017, 233, 236- 246.
6	SUDARSAN J S, SUBRAMANI S, RAJAN R J, et al. Simulation of constructed wetland in treating wastewater using fuzzy logic technique [J]// Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2018, 1000(1): 012137.
7	ZENG Y J, XU W B, WANG H, et al.. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency and denitrification kinetics of different substrates in constructed wetland. Water, 2022, 14 (11): 1757.
8	PARDE D, PATWA A, SHUKLA A, et al.. A review of constructed wetland on type, treatment and technology of wastewater. Environmental Technology& Innovation, 2021, 21, 101261.
9	SOUNDARANAYAKI K, GANDHIMATHI R.. Performance of various media in vertical flow constructed wetland for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2019, 146, 57- 67.
10	张小玲, 朱光灿.. 加气混凝土砌块吸附初期径流中磷的效果与机制. 环境工程学报, 2018, 12 (8): 68- 75.
11	黎彬, 王峰.. 上海青浦地区大气降水的化学特征. 中国环境监测, 2016, 32 (5): 24- 29.
12	NIE F H, YU Q, LIU R R, et al.. Dynamic characterization of particle-bound and dissolved nutrients in roof runoff. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2016, 25 (10): 4309- 4317.
13	陈晨.. 上海市闵行区年降雨量频率统计分析. 上海水务, 2014, 30 (2): 57- 59.
14	国家环境保护总局. 水和废水监测分析方法 [M]. 4版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2002.
15	ZHUANG L L, YANG T, ZHANG J, et al.. The configuration, purification effect and mechanism of intensified constructed wetland for wastewater treatment from the aspect of nitrogen removal: A review. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 293, 122086.
16	SAEED T, SUN G.. A review on nitrogen and organics removal mechanisms in subsurface flow constructed wetlands: Dependency on environmental parameters, operating conditions and supporting media. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012, 112, 429- 448.
17	VYMAZAL J.. Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Science of the Total Environment, 2007, 380 (1/2/3): 48- 65.
18	谭良良, 解伊瑞文, 白少元, 等.. 基质结构对潜流人工湿地氮磷降解规律的影响. 环境工程学报, 2014, 8 (11): 4669- 4673.
19	SHARMA R, MALAVIYA P.. Constructed wetlands for textile wastewater remediation: A review on concept, pollutant removal mechanisms, and integrated technologies for efficiency enhancement. Chemosphere, 2022, 290, 133358.
20	邵捷, 吕锡武, 程方奎, 等.. 基于加气混凝土改良的混合基质对水中磷酸盐的吸附特性. 净水技术, 2020, 39 (7): 167- 175.
21	FU W G, LI P P.. Characteristics of phosphorus adsorption of aerated concrete in wastewater treatment. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 183/184/185, 466- 470.

湿地编号	填充基质	植物种植
W1	加气混凝土	无
W2	砾石	无
W3	加气混凝土	美人蕉
W4	砾石	美人蕉

水质指标	雨水径流 EMC 值/(mg·L^–1)	EMC 设计值/(mg·L^–1)	配水浓度/(mg·L^–1)
COD_Cr	100 ~ 800	500	750
TP	0.26 ~ 1.00	0.5	0.75
${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N	0.6 ~ 2.6	1.5	2.25
${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N	0.2 ~ 0.9	0.5	0.75

降雨历时t/min	雨水径流系数Ψ	暴雨重现期P/a	设计流量Q/(mL·min^–1)
60	0.3	1	21.8

基质类型	成本	规格	使用量	总成本/(元/工况)
砾石	0.25 元/kg	3 ~ 5 mm	6 kg/工况	1.30
加气混凝土	4.80 元/块	600 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm (碎渣 8 ~ 10)	2 kg/工况	3.20
美人蕉	0.20 元/根	5 根/株	2 株/工况	1.00

[1]	Yang ZHA, Difang WANG, Chengjin CAO, Minsheng HUANG, Xing WANG, Bowen YU, Chang LIU, Haochen DU, Mengzhuo LI. Investigation of the environmental status of water at the Dalian Lake demonstration area in the Jinze water source area of Taipu River [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 64-71.
[2]	Dan LI, Binghui ZHENG, Zhaosheng CHU, Xing WANG, Minsheng HUANG. Comprehensive evaluation of engineering applications for multi-pond constructed wetlands in Erhai Lake Basin [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 8-16.
[3]	Yiping ZHU, Xiaofei LI, Xia LIANG. Content and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Qingcaosha Reservoir in Shanghai [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 54-62.
[4]	CUI He, LU Xin-yu, CHANG Yue-ya, HUANG Min-sheng, LI Dan, HE Yan, CAO Cheng-jin. Enhanced denitrification for rural domestic sewage by a vertical flow constructed wetland [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2018, 2018(6): 59-67.
[5]	LU Xin-yu, XIAO Bing, HUANG Min-sheng, HE Yan, LI Xin-ran, YIN Chao, LENG Pei-en. Analysis of water quality and mosquito larval breeding at the tail water wetland of the Shanghai East Water Purification Plant [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2018, 2018(6): 122-130.
[6]	LI Zhen;LUO Jin-hong;HUANG Min-sheng;ZHANG Yong;HE Yan . Pilot scale study on phosphorus removal from malodorous water body by pumice vertical flow constructed wetlands [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2011, 2011(1): 126-134.