Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science)

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Decompositions for a class of 5×5 separable quantum states

HUANG Xiao-fen

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 1-8.

Abstract （1255）

PDF （182KB）（2304）

This paper studied certain quantum states for which the PPT
criterion was both sufficient and necessary for separability. A
class of 5×5, bipartite mixed states was prestented and the
conditions of PPT for these states were derived. The separable pure
state decompositions of these states were explicitly constructed
when they were PPT, so we can judge a class of states entangled or
not by this method.

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On chromatic number of { 2K₁+K₂ , C₄}-free graphs

DUAN Fang, ZHANG Wei-juan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 9-12.

Abstract （1393）

PDF （156KB）（2158）

In this paper, the structural characterization of { 2K₁+K₂ , C₄}-free graphs was given according to their
independence numbers, and the linear upper bound on chromatic number of { 2K₁+K₂ , C₄}-free graphs was obtained in terms of their
clique number.

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Vulnerable European option pricing with the time-dependent for double jump-diffusion process

LYU Li-juan, ZHANG Xing-yong

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 13-20, 26.

Abstract （1668）

PDF （728KB）（2278）

Based on Merton's structured credit risk model,
derivatives pricing with rival unilateral default risk was studied
in this paper. Assuming that underlying asset price and
assets-liabilities of sellers follow double jump-diffusion process,
where risk-free interest rate $r(t)$, volatility of asset
$\sigma(t)$ and dividend yield $d(t)$ are time-dependent, vulnerable
European options pricing model under double jump-diffusion process
was established using the structured method, the analytical
expressions of options price was obtained using It\^{o} lemma and
the trunformation of the equivalent martingale measure.

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Relations between solutions of two classes of differential equations with entire function coefficients and functions of small growth

SUN Gui-rong

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 21-26.

Abstract （1613）

PDF （251KB）（2270）

This paper was devoted to studying two classes of second
order linear
differential equations with entire function coefficients by using the
value distribution theory.
The relations between functions of small growth and the solutions of
the equations, as well as, their 1st and 2nd derivatives
investigated. The results improve some previous works.

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Lower diameter estimate for a special quasi-almost-Einstein metric

HU Ling-juan, MAO Jing-jing, WANG Lin-feng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 27-35.

Abstract （1401）

PDF （194KB）（2067）

The weighted Myers' theorem gives an upper bound estimate
for the diameter of a complete Riemannian manifold with the
$\tau$-Bakry-\'{E}mery curvature bounded from below by a positive
number. The lower bound estimate for the diameter of a compact
manifold is also an interesting question. In this paper, a gradient
estimate for the potential function of a special
$\tau$-quasi-almost-Einstein metric was established by using the
Hopf's maximum principle. Based on it, a lower bound estimate for
the diameter of this metric was derived. The result generalizes
Wang's lower diameter estimate for compact $\tau$-quasi-Einstein
metrics.

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Determining the topology of real intersection of algebraic surfaces

GAO Ben, CHEN Yu-fu

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 36-46.

Abstract （1221）

PDF （405KB）（2229）

This paper gave an algorithm for computing in an efficient
way the topology of the real intersection of algebraic surfaces,
which are defined by a finite family of trivariate polynomials with
coefficients in $\R$. The algorithm is based on the computation of
the graphs which are the intersection of at most two projections.
For this purpose, some conditions, which be obtained by some
linearly change of coordinates were fultiued, and some methods for
checking these conditions were presented.

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Public-key encryption and certificate-based encryption from lattice

LI Jun, QIAN Hai-feng, LI Xiang-xue

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 47-59.

Abstract （1972）

PDF （851KB）（2143）

Certificate-based encryption (CBE) combines the advantages of identity-based encryption and that of public key infrastructure. However, CBE based on traditional mathematical assumptions cannot defeat quantum attacks. This paper aims at constructing a lattice-based CBE which is post-quantum: First constructed a lattice-based public key encryption (PKE); then used this PKE to construct a lattice-based CBE. Finally, it was proved that the ciphertexts generated by our CBE are indistinguishable from random against chosen-plaintext attacks (namely, INDr-CBE-CPA secure) by assuming that the learning with errors (LWE) problem is hard. This scheme is the first known lattice-based CBE so far.

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Belongingness of Chinese dialect speech recognition based on deep neural network

JING Ya-peng, ZHENG Jun, HU Wen-xin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 60-67.

Abstract （2122）

PDF （1319KB）（4130）

Based on the modified QuickNet software, we proposed a supervised DNN layerwise pre-training method for dialect speech recognition. The pre-training will start from a 3-layer neural network till the maximum layer, during which we will do supervised training. The initial weights of a new layer are composed of the partial trained weights of lower level network and the randomized weights closed to the output layer. Then we will do traditional back-propagation training when the initial weights of the maximum layer network are obtained. This method achieved a relatively higher recognition rate compared with normal neural network training and can be used in mobile speech recognition apps, the recognition of dialects speech and so on.

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Impact of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail on the spatial pattern of the regional road accessibility

JIANG Hai-bing, ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ye-jin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 68-78, 89.

Abstract （1925）

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This paper discussed the spatial differentiation of the road accessibility under 〖JP2〗the effect of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail (HSR). Firstly measured accessibility changes in the spatial distribution of four different accessibility indicators, computed and mapped using a GIS support. The accessibility maps described both the possible benefits and their spatial distribution of the region. Subsequently measured the transport equity by calculating a set of inequality indices of the accessibility distribution and estimated whether the disparities in regional accessibility are increased after the implementation of the HSR. Finally we applied the GIS based technique to calculate the service population scale of every station.
The results showed that the HSR obviously improve the overall road accessibility level, reducing greatly total travel time among the central cities. However, it leads to more polarized accessibility patterns of the spatial development which indicated that various regions obtain unbalanced accessibility gain from the HSR, establishing “island” or “corridor” spatial patterns with the highest lever accessibility which replaces the “ellipse concentric circle” shape of road accessibility spatial structure. In addition, the HSR contributes to enlarging the service market demarcation and broadening regional labor markets of main central cities along the line in short time distances and promote many urban agglomerations to facilitate co-operation. Moreover, the HSR stations become the rapid traffic network nodes and the hub of the social and economic activities.

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Effects of typhoon disturbance on the litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Tiantong, Zhejiang

WANG Zhang-hua, WANG Xi-hua, SHEN Guo-chun

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 79-89.

Abstract （2058）

PDF （1907KB）（2171）

To understand the effects of typhoon disturbance on the production, composition, temporal dynamics of litter in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, a 5-year study from January 2008 to December 2012 on two types of evergreen forests, C. fargesii community and S. superba community, in Tiantong, Zhejiang, was carried out. Average annual litterfall are 6.465 t·hm^-2 and 6.947 t·hm^-2 in C. fargesii community and S. superba community, respectively. Annual litter production and monthly litterfall in typhoon season were both significantly higher in typhoon years than that in normal years. Orders of proportions of different sorts litterfall in the two types of communities are leaves > twigs >detritus >flowers >barks. The total leaves production accounted for about 70% of total litter. Proportion of twigs reached about 17%. Proportion of leaves declined from typhoon years to normal years, while the proportion of twigs had an opposite trend. The dynamics of monthly litter production in both communities followed a bimodal distribution (with peaks in April-May and October-November) in normal years, and trimodal distribution (with an extra peak in typhoon season.) in typhoon years. The dynamic of monthly leaves production was different between the two types of communities in different typhoon years. It had two peaks in C. fargesii community and had three peaks in S. superba community in the years (2008, 2009 and 2011) with weak typhoon disturbance. However, it showed three peaks in both communities in the year (2012) with strong typhoon disturbance. These results suggested that typhoon disturbance can change the dynamics of litterfall in subtropical evergreen forest, and these impactions may various in different types of communities under different strengths of typhoon.

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Characteristics of sediment load and runoff in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and their relationship

WANG Yi-bin, LI Jiu-fa, ZHAO Jun-kai, YAO Hong-yi, GUO Xiao-bin, CHEN Wei

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 90-98.

Abstract （2365）

PDF （2722KB）（2742）

The related data from Yichang, Hankou and Datong gauging stations were collected from 1950—2010 to analyze the characteristics of temporal and spatial variations of the runoff and suspended sediment load in different reaches of the Yangtze River. Multi-year average of runoff (1951—2010) were 4.32×10¹¹ m³, 7.07×10¹¹ m³ and 8.96×10¹¹ m³ at Yichang, Hankou and Datong gauging station, respectively. The runoff from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was as much as that from the middle and lower reaches. Multi-year average runoff was fluctuant with no significant trend, but the difference of runoff between flood season and drought season was minimized by the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. On the other hand, multi-year average of suspended sediment load at Yichang Hankou and Datong gauging station were 4.34×10⁸ t, 3.59×10⁸ t and 3.90×10⁸ t, respectively, indicating that the main sources of suspend sediment was the upper reaches of Yangtze River. With the decline of suspended sediment load since 1980s, especially in the flood seasons, the suspended sediment load at Yichang, Hankou and Datong gauging station decreased respectively by 0.54×10⁸ t, 1.17×10⁸ t and 1.52×10⁸ t. Because of the resuspension of sediment in riverbed and river shoal and the sediment supply from the lakes along the Yangtze River, the decreases in the suspended sediment load of different grain size levels were unequal. A good linear relation was found between the suspended sediment load with grain size larger than 0.1 mm and runoff while the linear relation was weaken with the finer of grain size. This was in line with the relative theories of river dynamics. The dispersion grew up from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. This study is very helpful to understand the recent changes in the relationship between the runoff and suspended sediment load under human interventions.

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Variation of particulate amino acid in the Suzhou River and the Huangpu River in Shanghai

SHEN Bing-liang, CUI Ying, ZHU Zhuo-yi, WU Ying

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 99-106.

Abstract （1676）

PDF （1695KB）（2239）

Surface particulate samples were collected quarterly in 2007 from four sampling points of Suzhou River and Huangpu River for particulate amino acids (PAA) analysis. The comparison among the four sampling sites were made for general parameters (such as particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON)) and particulate state amino acid parameters (D and L amino acid and degradation index). The results showed that the amino acid changed more dramatically in Suzhou River. Inferred from the variations of Degradation Index (DI), the source of the particulate amino acids in July is the freshest in the both rivers. A good negative correlation relationship between D-Amino acid and DI suggests the variation of bacteria-derived D-AA during the degradation process.

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Comparative study on the adaptability of Alnus trabeculosa and Phragmites australis in tidal wetland

ZHANG Hai-yan, WANG Tian-hui, LU Jian-jian

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 107-115, 122.

Abstract （1536）

PDF （2696KB）（2056）

Self-designed experimental mesocosm for semidiurnal tidal simulation was used to compare the effect of different submergence time on photosynthesis process and physiological characteristics of Alnus trabeculosa and native species (Phragmites australis). The results showed that A. trabeculosa and P. australis have similar decreasing tendency in Stomatal conductance (Gs), Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and Transpiration rate (Tr) with increasing submergence time; however, the water use efficiency (WUE) of these two species showed the tendency of first increased and then decreased, suggesting that the increasing submergence time promoted the WUE of A. trabeculosa and P. australis in some degree. With daily submergence time increasing, POD activity and MDA content of A. trabeculosa decreased and increased, respectively; POD activity of P. australis first increased and then decreased; however, MDA content of P. australis hasn’t significant difference. A. trabeculosa showed the similar tolerance to the periodic inundation of tidal wetland, which suggests that A. trabeculosa can be also used to construct ecological engineering in Chongxi wetland.

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ATR-Chk1-Cdc25 involved in the regulation of Dictyostelium discoideum during G2/M cell cycle

CHENG Xiao-feng, HOU Lian-sheng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 116-122.

Abstract （1858）

PDF （1207KB）（1620）

The cell proliferation of wild type KAx-3 and mutant type RNAi-allC observed by light microscope and cell counting, The latter was divided 8 time faste than the former. To evaluate the reason why RNAi-allC cell cycle shortened, the function of ATR-Chk1-Cdc25 signaling pathway were explored by quantitative PCR and western blot techniques. The results showed the differences of ATR, Chk1, Cdc25 in mRNA contents and protein level existed in KAx-3 and RNAi-allC cells, that is, the expression of ATR and Chk1 ratio of RNAi-allC to KAx-3 was 0.69〖DK〗∶1 and 0.1〖DK〗∶1 respectively; the expression of Cdc25 in RNAi-allC cells was 8 times that of KAx-3 cells. The data suggested that once the expression of ATR had little change, Chk1 and Cdc25 expression changed greatly. Western blotting results were consistent with Q-PCR reports. The Chk1 protein contents were significantly less in mutant type RNAi-allC than that in KAx-3cells; the Cdc25 protein contents were higher in RNAi-allC cells. The above mentioned results suggest that ATR-Chk1-Cdc25 signaling pathway involved in the regulation of the G2/M phase in Dictyostelium discoideum.

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Novel derivative of xanomeline, SBG-PK-014, increases the α-secretion of APPsw

WANG Dong, ZHOU Zong-li, GAO Hong, LEI Xiao-ping,DONG Su-zhen, HU Jin-feng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 123-132.

Abstract （1714）

PDF （2613KB）（2068）

The activity of a novel derivative of xanomeline, SBG-PK-014, on muscarinic M1 mAChRs and the α-secretion of human APP Swedish mutant (APPsw) was evaluated. The EC₅₀ and maximum folds of activation (FA_max) were measured in a cell-based model. Mouse N2a cells over-expressing both APPsw and M1 mAChR gene were treated with SBG-PK-014 and xanomeline, respectively. Their secreation levels of sAPPα were then measured using Western Blotting. The results showed that SBG-PK-014 had a similar EC₅₀ to xanomeline (40.2 nmol/L vs. 28.4 nmol/L), but demonstrated a 3.5-fold FA_max, as compared to xanomeline. SBG-PK-014 promoted the α-secretion of APPsw via the activation of M1 receptors. At the same dose of 0.1 μmol/L and 1 μmol/L, SBG-PK-014 exhibited significantly more potent activity. SBG-PK-014 activated M1 receptors more effectively than xanomeline, increased the α-cut of APPsw as well as the secretion of neuroprotective sAPPα, showed potential in modifying the Aβ pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is worth further development.

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EcR-RNAi and azadirachtin treatments induced the abnormal proleg development in Spodoptera litura.

ZHAO Jin-cheng, WU Tian-min, LIU Li-hua, WANG Yang, HE Lin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (1): 133-142.

Abstract （1402）

PDF （2182KB）（3110）

Ecdysone is the insect molting hormone which induces a
series of events critical for ecdysis, beginning with the formation
of a complex between ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) and its partner
protein, ultraspiracle (Usp). We cloned a 600~bp partial cDNAs
encoding 200 amino acids EcR protein by degenerate primers from the
common cutworm, \textit{Spodoptera litura}, a destructive
agricultural pest insect in East Asia. We used this fragment to
design the EcR-dsRNA to interfere the corresponding gene to analysis
the change in different development stages. Using the Azadirachtin
(Az) feeding the RNAi injected larvae to observe the development
difference with normal control. Results indicated that the EcR RNAi
interference the normal ecdysis and result in incomplete pupal molt.
In the Az treatment after EcR RNAi injection, the larvae stunt
growth and development program were disturbed and observed abnormal
proleg phenotype. We deduced that Az and EcR RNAi maybe influence
the key genes and inhibit the ecdysone cascade modulate pathway,
which result in the disorder of tissue remodeling in
molting.

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Construction of learning analytics system

MA Xiao-ling, XING Wan-li, FENG Xiang, WU Yong-he

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 1-19, 39.

Abstract （2866）

PDF （5978KB）（3526）

Learning Analytics (LA) has been applied to various learning environments. However, a complete and clear learning data system is needed. This study tried to provide an open and comprehensive LA system. Firstly, summary of recent researches and developments in this field was given, a number of important concepts were defined, and the interaction evolution of time, space and data of LAS was studied. Then the learning analysis system Universe of Discourse (LASUoD) including formalized modeling of LAS information space model ［Σ_R,Σ_CR,Σ_MT,Σ_A,Σ_W,Σ_C］ was analyzed. In order to achieve interoperability of LAS applications, the frame of learning analytics system ontology (LASO), data format of LA object and the profiles of LAS standards were proposed. Finally an LA application based on open source SAKAI was demonstrated.

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Learning analytics system architecture based on big data technologies

FENG Xiang， YU Ming-hua， MA Xiao-ling, WU Yong-he

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 20-29.

Abstract （2918）

PDF （3106KB）（3336）

First, this paper analyzed the demand and object of learning analytics in the e-Education. Then it introduced the technology of big data, designed learning analytics platform based on Hadoop, built intelligent digital education services supporting platform based on learning analytics, and illustrated the application cases of this technology scheme. Finally, the technical problems of Hadoop which still exist was pointed out, and their solutions was put forward.

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Analysis of the “cross-bridge of people in cyber learning space” system in cloud architecture model

ZHANG Shi-ming, XU He-xiang, QIAN Dong-ming,CHEN Hai-jian, HUANG He-xiao

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 30-39.

Abstract （1789）

PDF （3422KB）（2021）

The“cross-bridge of people in cyber learning space”system proposed to construct by Ministry of Education of China is an important element of the deep integration of information technology and education. Based on Shanghai “Three Access Two Platforms”, through the years of practice, using the popular cloud service architecture model, this paper proposes the goal of building the system of the“cross-bridge of people in cyber learning space”for Shanghai basic education service, including the top-level design and planning of the system. Then explore its practice in Shanghai. Finally, by benefit analysis, it shows that the system can not only achieve a high degree integration for information technology and education, reaching the 6A vision of education information, but also promote to form a new educational industrial economy, promoting economic restructuring, increasing contribution to GDP through education services, and gaining cost savings and environment friendly.

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Research status and development studies of motion sensing technology

ZHANG Shi-chao, QIAN Dong-ming

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 40-49, 126.

Abstract （2547）

PDF （1021KB）（5835）

This thesis introduced the basic concepts and development of the human-computer interaction technology, as well as its applications in education and related areas. On this basis, Kinect would be used as a case study, including its application in the data of the depth, and skeleton tracking.

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Usability testing and analysis of the intelligent educational publishing platform management system

LIU Ming-zhuo， ZHAO Na， WU Yong-he

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 50-59.

Abstract （1507）

PDF （2913KB）（2380）

Firstly, this paper discussed the software related usability concepts. Secondly, it takes the "Smart Educational Publishing Platform Management System" supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee as a research case to show how usability testing methods are applied in the research and development process of software respectively from the testing background, goal, tool, methods, the participants and testing procedure; during the research, using the method-thinking aloud and eye tracking for data collection and analysis; also this paper discusses the findings from the aspects-user satisfaction, errors rate, easy to learn, effectiveness, and efficiency. Lastly it gives the summary and prospect.

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Research on design and application scenarios of smart learning environment for vocational education

XU Xian-long, QIAN Dong-ming, WU Yong-he, SU Xiao-bing, ZHU Zhi-ting

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 60-69, 145.

Abstract （2042）

PDF （2856KB）（2237）

Smart learning environment for vocational education (SLEVE) has laid a foundation for reforming learning and teaching methods in this area. Firstly, promotion of new technology for vocational education was described in this paper, and new technology classification for vocational education application was proposed. Secondly, system requirements, functional requirements and technical requirements of SLEVE were analyzed in detail. Thirdly, new technology supporting for SLEVE construction was analyzed, and technical plan of SLEVE constructionbased on new technology was designed. Finally, application procedure of SLEVE was given, and main application scenarios of SLEVE were analyzed, including individual self-study, classroom teaching, experiment teaching, training center, internships and public places.

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Standards, key technologies and applications innovation of e-Textbook and e-Schoolbag

WU Yong-he， HE Chao, YANG Ying, MA Xiao-ling， YU Yun-tao， LIU Xiao-dan, ZHU Zhi-ting

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 70-86.

Abstract （2280）

PDF （2857KB）（2037）

Since e-Textbook and e-Schoolbag have been developed to a new stage, there is a bottleneck that has to be solved. This paper elaborates e-Textbook and e-Schoolbag research framework based on analysing the relationship between the standard, technology and application of e-Schoolbag and the relationship between systems, standards and technologies of e-Schoolbag from stakeholder’s perspectives firstly. Then this paper studies standards of e-Schoolbag from aspects of analysing current standard research status, standard systems, standard profiles and so on. Secondly, by analyzing the current key technology research status,this research parse the key technologies of e-Schoolbag from aspects of terminal key technologies, content key technologies, learning tools key technologies, learning services key technologies and technologies of integration innovation. Finally, this paper explores the e-Schoolbag education application from innovative ways of education, industrial development innovation, education application of innovative and educational theory innovation.

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3D virtual learning systems and educational gaming: possibilities for e-Textbook 2.0

J. M. LAFFEY

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 87-97.

Abstract （1518）

PDF （451KB）（1882）

There are great efforts underway to improve education through defining, designing and implementing e-Textbooks. There are also substantial efforts in the research and development of 3-dimensional virtual learning environments (3D VLE) and educational gaming. This paper explores the potential of developing a new form of e-Textbook, let us call it e-Textbook 2.0, based on advancing technologies for 3D virtual learning and on designing to meet pedagogical objectives using game mechanisms and strategies. These exciting new developments are then used to argue the potential for envisioning a framework for e-Textbooks 2.0 based on 3D VLE and educational gaming. The article attempts to make the case for increased focus on how to make curriculum subjects be the subject of game play, and for designing environments and games so that learning is visible and analytics can be used to provide feedback to the teacher and the students.

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E-Textbooks in a digital ecosystem for learning

C. WESTON

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 98-115.

Abstract （1403）

PDF （2142KB）（1727）

The ISO/IEC project has so far used an online survey to discover what stakeholders across the world perceive to be the particular challenges that will be faced when technologies originally developed for commercial e-Books are transferred for use in formal education. This paper reflects on some of the key findings of this ISO/IEC work.
Mr Weston argues that education is fundamentally about interactivity and not just about the dissemination of information. If follows that while commercial e-Books are viable as stand-alone products, e-Textbooks need to be embedded within a wider digital ecosystem for learning, an ecosystem that will comprise many different forms of software, delivering interactivity, reporting on the outcomes of that interactivity, profiling the capabilities of individual students and managing their progression. For e-Textbooks to play a full part in such an ecosystem, it is vital that they support open standards for interoperability.

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Application design of e-Schoolbag based on PLE

HU Hai-ming, WU Yong-he

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 116-126.

Abstract （1985）

PDF （3817KB）（1837）

With rapid development of learning technology, e-Schoolbag has received more concerns from the domain of educational technology and the whole education. This paper studied design methodology of the framework of services based on PLE, and gave out its reference architect. Hence it proposed the e-Schoolbag design framework via PLE, and the framework and approaches of various services. Finally it gave out design methodology of learning center and its clients. This methodology can facilitate the learning design of e-Schoolbag.

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Standardising future formats of digital textbooks: A framework for mapping international stakeholders’ positions and context

T. HOEL, YUAN Li, P. BAKER

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 127-136.

Abstract （1636）

PDF （1190KB）（1469）

The technical foundation under digital textbooks is still shaky as the exchange format is still being developed while new e-Textbooks are brought to the market and being tested. This paper constructs a framework to help conversations about the requirements and development of an e-Textbook format to support learning, education and training. The development will go through idea, specification and implementation stages, and the framework details factors in the standards development settings and in the implementation settings. A model for a constructive discourse about future e-Textbook formats is developed based on an evaluation framework of the value of e-Textbook and an e-Textbook lifecycle model.

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Interoperable global standard for “smart” e-Textbooks

B. MCCOY

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 137-145.

Abstract （1191）

PDF （264KB）（1816）

This paper reviews high-level requirements for digital learning content and the overall situation of e-Learning platforms to contextualize an overview of the status and adoption of EPUB 3 as an ICT standard for interoperable digital publications. The paper concludes with a review of recent and anticipated future developments for EPUB 3 and the overall Open Web Platform relative to emerging requirements for “smart” e-Textbooks and other education-oriented content.

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Research on e-Textbook DRM and system implementation based on Marlin

GE Xin, QU Jin, GU jie, WANG Chang-jie

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 146-156, 178.

Abstract （1781）

PDF （1856KB）（2138）

With the development of e-Textbook, Digital Rights Maragement (DRM) is needed urgently. In this paper, the e-Textbook specific requirements on DRM are analyzed, and then a DRM solution is designed based on Marlin DRM SDK. A demo system is developed and the result show that the current solution can provide DRM protection to e-Textbook, while at the same time satisfied with different requirements in this new area.

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Design and development of standards of virtual learning tools in e-Schoolbag

LEI Yun-he, YU Xiao-hua, WU Yong-he，ZHU Zhi-ting

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 157-166.

Abstract （1503）

PDF （2424KB）（1766）

Virtual learning tools are one of the essential motivators to deepen the application of e-Schoolbag. This paper contrasts and analyzes the relative research on learning tools and standards, then abstracts the basic theoretical frames of the two standards of them. After consulting with the members of Group of Virtual Learning Tools, combined with interviews with the specialists in the field, the classification with glossaries and the Metadata Model of virtual learning tools are formed. What’s more, the design of the other three standards including the assembly, the testing and the configuration of virtual learning tools are introduced and explained briefly.

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Evaluation framework EFI for measuring the impact of learning, education and training

C. M. STRACKE

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (2): 167-178.

Abstract （1384）

PDF （3863KB）（1924）

This article introduces the Evaluation Framework EFI for the Impact Measurement of learning, education and training: The Evaluation Framework for Impact Measurement was developed for specifying the evaluation phase and its objectives and tasks within the IDEAL Reference Model for the introduction and optimization of quality development within learning, education and training. First, a description of the Evaluation Framework for Impact Measurement will be provided, followed by a brief overview of the IDEAL Reference Model. Finally, an example for the implementation of the Evaluation Framework for Impact Measurement within the ARISTOTELE project is presented.

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Thomassen and coloring graphs on surfaces

REN Han, CHAO Fu-gang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 1-7, 39.

Abstract （1725）

PDF （380KB）（2423）

The research of coloring graphs on surfaces originated
from Heawood map color theorem. With an analysis based on the
primary source, we survey the work of Thomassen, such as three color
theorem and list coloring, coloring graphs on surfaces, and
chromatic polynomial and number of colorings. His work
has been concerned by many mathematicians, such as Mohar, Thomas and Hutchinson.

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Perpetual American straddle option

CEN Yuan-jun, YI Fa-huai

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 8-13.

Abstract （1431）

PDF （169KB）（2512）

By appplying the comparison principle for the variational
inequality, we analyzed the behavior of exercise boundaries for the
perpetual American straddle option. We found that it is a free
boundary problem. Different from the standard perpetual American
option, it has two exercise boundary points with dividends and only
one free boundary point without dividends. These results can be
understood very well from the financial point of view. We will
present a rigorous mathematical proof, and find the bounds of
exercise boundaries for the American straddle option with finite
expiry.

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Long range dependence of Shanghai stock market and pricing of European option

XU Lin, XU Ting

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 14-22.

Abstract （1262）

PDF （451KB）（2051）

This paper aims at the empirical statistical test of the long range dependence of Shanghai Composite Index and finishes statistical modeling for corresponding financial data and derives the valuation formula for European call option under the model we proposed. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples are given to illustrate the impact of the long range dependence on the option pricing by comparing the option valuation formula under fractional Brownian motion (fBm for short) model and the one under Black-Scholes model. The main statistics we adopted are R/S and modified R/S statistics. Numerical results show that the valuation formula under fBm are much more stable than the one under Black-Scholes model due to the former one has the long range dependence property.

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Representation theorem for AVaR under a submodular capacity

TIAN De-jian, JIANG Long, JI Rong-lin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 23-29.

Abstract （1394）

PDF （184KB）（2292）

From the viewpoints of quantile functions, we gave the
definition of AVaR of financial positions under a capacity. Then,
using the classical results of AVaR under the probability measure,
we established the representation theorem for AVaR under the
submodular capacity. As a byproduct of this representation theorem,
we proved that AVaR under a submodular capacity is a coherent risk
measure, which generalized the classical results.

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Boundary value problem for a coupled system of fractional differential equations with p-Laplacian operator at resonance

CHENG Ling-ling, LIU Wen-bin, YE Qing-qing

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 30-39.

Abstract （1670）

PDF （293KB）（1932）

This paper gave the existence
theorem of solutions with dim Ker M = 2 by the extension of Mawhin's continuation theorem due to Ge, where M is a
quasi-linear operator. And an example to illustrate the theorem was also given.

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List edge and list total coloring of triangle-free 1-planar graphs

SONG Wen-yao, MIAO Lian-ying, ZHANG Shu-jie

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 40-44.

Abstract （1337）

PDF （175KB）（2104）

A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn on the plane so that
each edge is crossed by at most one other edge. In this paper, it
was proved that every triangle-free 1-planar graph $G$ with maximum
degree $\Delta\geqslant15$ can be $\Delta$-edge-choosable and
($\Delta$+1)-total -choosable.

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An integral-type operator from the minimal Mobius invariant space into the Bloch type space

ZHAO Xian-hao, LIANG Yu-xia

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 45-50，59.

Abstract （1109）

PDF （342KB）（1749）

By using analysis methods and constructing test functions
we obtained some new equivalent conditions for the boundedness and
compactness of the integral-type operator $C_\varphi ^g $ from the
minimal M$\ddot{\rm o}$bius invariant space into the Bloch-type
space. These equivalent conditions give perfect characterizations of
$C_\varphi ^g $, which also provide good reference for the study of
other integral-type operators.

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Oscillation and asymptotic behaviors for third-order delay dynamic equations on time scales

ZHANG Xiao-jian, YANG Jia-shan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 51-59.

Abstract （1619）

PDF （301KB）（2074）

The oscillation for certain third-order nonlinear variable
delay dynamic equations on time scales was discussed in this
article. By using the generalized Riccati transformation and a lot
of inequality techniques, we established some new sufficient
conditions which ensure that every solution of the equations either
oscillates or converges to zero. The results extend and improve some
known results. Examples were given to illustrate the main results.

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On strongly power-serieswise McCoy rings

WANG Wen-kang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 60-76.

Abstract （1305）

PDF （233KB）（2217）

In this paper, we introduce strongly power-serieswise McCoy
rings, which are a generalization of power-serieswise McCoy rings
and strongly McCoy rings, and investigate their properties. Let R
be a ring and I an ideal of R such that I is reduced, we show
that if R/I is strongly power-serieswise McCoy(resp.,
power-serieswise McCoy), then R is strongly power-serieswise
McCoy(resp., power-serieswise McCoy). A ring R is power-serieswise
McCoy if and only if R[x] is power-serieswise McCoy. We find that
a class of strongly power-serieswise McCoy rings of upper
triangular matrix ring over strongly power-serieswise McCoy rings.
Meanwhile, we show that power-serieswise Armendariz rings and
reduced rings are strongly power-serieswise McCoy rings.

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Cells of the affine Weyl group $\widetilde{\bm C}_{\bm n}$ in quasi-split case

YUE Ming-shi

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 77-92.

Abstract （1348）

PDF （530KB）（2056）

The affine Weyl group $\widetilde{C}_n$ under a certain
automorphism of $\widetilde{A}_{2n}$ can be seen as a fixed point
set of the affine Weyl group $\widetilde{A}_{2n}$. By giving an
explicit description of the fixed point set of $\widetilde{A}_{2n}$
under this automorphism, we shall give the explicit description of
the cells in weighted Coxeter group $\widetilde{C}_n$ corresponding
to the partition $\bf{2^{n}1}$.

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Analysis for variation of the ebb flow diversion ratios in the North Passage of the Yangtze River Estuary

DOU Run-qing, GUO Wen-yun, GE Jian-zhong, DING Ping-xing

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 93-104.

Abstract （1909）

PDF （8258KB）（2127）

Based on seasonal bathymetry observations and high-resolution validated FVCOM model, the North and South Passages in the Yangtze River Estuary are studied as an integrated system to determine the dynamic mechanism controlling their flow diversion ratios in recent ten years. The variations of the sectional areas and averaged velocities are analyzed to reveal the interannual patterns of the diversion ratios between these two Passages. The results show the overall trends of the section area and velocity are both decreasing in the North Passage. However, there is an opposite pattern shown in the South Passage. Therefore, the flow diversion ratio decreases in the North Passage while it increases in the South Passage. Although the variations of section areas and flow strength jointly lead to the changes of diversion ratio, the quantitative linear correlation analysis indicates the change of sections areas has more dominant effect on diversion variation than the change of flow velocity.

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Impact of wind on the low-salinity water lens in the northeast out of the Changjiang estuary in summer

PENG Jian, ZHU Shou-xian, LI Xun-qiang,ZHANG Wen-jing, ZHOU Zhong-gang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 105-116.

Abstract （1405）

PDF （9878KB）（1745）

The expansion of the Changjiang diluted water (CDW) is a dominant hydrographic phenomenon in the East China Sea, which is mainly in the shape of plume. However, there are also some low-salinity lenses (LSWLes) in partial time of some years. The observations show that there wasn’t LSWL in August 1976 while there was in August 1977. The numerical simulations in this paper explained these phenomena. The strength of tide from the end of July to August in 1976 was similar with that in 1977, so as the runoff. And there were both processes of strong leaning south wind from July 21 to August 4. Then the mechanism why there wasn’t LSWL during the process of the strong leaning south wind in summer 1976 is analyzed. The strong leaning south wind and its direction of south-south-east were helpful for pushing CDW northeastward and cutting it to form LSWL. The strongest leaning south wind was from July 26 to 30 when it was the time from neap tide to spring tide, which was the main reason of no LSWL. And the strong leaning south wind was slightly weaker in 1976 than that in 1977, thus it didn’t made so significant effect on LWSL formation as that in 1977.

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Purification effect of different aquatic plant configuration modes to the landfill leachate tail water

FANG Yan-hui, GUO Xue-yan, FAN Xin-ting, DA Liang-jun

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 117-124.

Abstract （1622）

PDF （931KB）（2454）

Based on the water quality of landfill leachate tail water of the Laogang Garbage Landfill in Shanghai, the purification effect to TN, TP and COD in the tail water and biomass changes of three emerged plants Acorus calamus, Iris pseudacorus and Thalia dealbata in different configuration modes under hydrostatic conditions were investigated. Results showed that the purification effect to TN, TP of leachate tail water was distinct, the removal rate being over 75.1%, while the COD removal rate belows 62.8%. TN, TP purification effect of the three plant mixed mode was superior to that of the two mixed modes and the single plant mode; but there are no significant differences to COD removal rate among different modes. It is necessary to consider the actual conditions to select suitable plant configuration mode to ensure more effective purification efficiency because the purification effect is closely related to plant biomass, enrichment of unit volume, and different cooperative purification between plants in purifying water body.

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Time-space of multi-dimensional niche of dominant birds in the evergreen broad-leaf forest in Tiantong Mountain, Zhejiang Province

ZHANG Hang, DING Hu-lin, LIU Wei, CHEN Xu-cai, SHI Yong-zhi, LI Kai, TANG Si-xian

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 125-133.

Abstract （1612）

PDF （1091KB）（2445）

From October 2011 to October 2012, a total of 43 species and 4823 individuals of bird were recorded in the 20 hm2 sample area of the forest ecosystem of Tiantong National Station (Zhejiang Province,China). Black Bulbul (Hypsipetesleucocepalus), Light-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotussinensis), Chestnut Bulbul (Hypsipetescastanonotus), Black-throated Tit (Aegithalosconcinnus), GreatTit (Parusmajor) and Grey-cheeked Fulvetta (Alcippemorrisonia) were dominant species. Based on vertical, horizontal, DBH and perched 〖JP2〗patterns of dominant bird species, the niche breadth indices by Hurlbert (1978), the niche overlap indices by Schoener (1986). It was discussed that the utilzation states for space, the interspecific relationships of dominant bird species and the space-time niche〖JP〗 changed. The results suggested that: The niches of dominant birds are separation in different dimensions. In different space-time scales, the niches are dynamically changeable and finally tend to maintain stability in multi-dimension. It was found that the reasons for the dominant birds kept their community structure stable are that these species ecological niches are separating in different dimensions and changing in space and time.

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Overexpression of URO gene repress the master switches of secondary cell wall development in Arabidopsis

NI Wei-ping, PANG Jing-yang, XU Yan-fei, LI Ling, LI Xiao-fang, SUN Yue

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 134-143.

Abstract （1606）

PDF （2279KB）（1727）

There are several transcriptional factors that have been found taking part in secondary cell wall differentiation as master switches in Arabidopsis. However, how these master switches link to the major development event of plant is still unknown. Overexpression of URO (UP-RIGHT ROSETTE) gene leads to much higher free IAA concentration in uro mutant than that in wild type. In this work, the expression levels of the master switch genes were checked in uro/uro and uro/+ mutants through quantity PCR reactions. The results show that expressions of the master switch genes were significantly repressed while the expression of xylem development master switcher genes were not effected when URO gene was over expressing in uro/uro and uro/+ mutants. It can be concluded that URO gene takes part in the integration of secondary cell wall differentiation with the major development process of plant and URO gene could keep plant cell in a growth manner through inhibition of the secondary cell wall development.

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Application of Montague Semantics to document information organizations and retrievals

WANG Shan-ping， ZHANG Jing-bo， ZHU Shui-lin， LIU Dan， CAO Yu

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 144-151.

Abstract （1422）

PDF （530KB）（2161）

Firstly, a brief survey of Montague Semantics (MS) and its application history in machine translations was given, and the characteristics and limitations of MS as a tool in natural language processing was analyzed; it was also pointed out that MS can be used to build suitable formal models for many controlled natural languages (CNL). Then a CNL system based on MS for document information organizations and retrievals was proposed. This new concept system will overcome the shortcomings and limitations of traditional methods for information organizations and retrievals, and bring about revolutionary changes in this area. The working principle and structure frame were discussed in detail.

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Statistical analysis of SCI citation of Journal of East China Normal University (Nature Science Edition)

LI Wan-hui, ZHANG Jing, LI Yi, WANG Shan-ping

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 152-158.

Abstract （1477）

PDF （1595KB）（2193）

This paper retrieved and analyzed the SCI citation data of the journal over the years. The results show that: the annual citations have been increasing significantly since 2000; the special issues of estuarine and coastal research were cited highly. The rank of highly cited authors and articles, by their disciplines, is mathematics, life science, estuarine and coastal research, geography, environmental science. The sum citations of mathematics, life science and estuarine and coastal research amount to 90% of the total citations; however, the citations of environmental science have been occupying more and more parts. Finally, on the base of the statistics, the problems faced by the journal were pointed out and the solutions are suggested. This study is a useful attempt to use SCI data to evaluate a non-SCI journal, so as to promote its development.

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From statistical arbitrage to big data study

ZHENG Wei-an

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (3): 159-163.

Abstract （2106）

PDF （940KB）（3351）

“Big data” is a hot term. However its strict theoretical basis has not been formed yet.The purpose of research in big data is from its application. From their mathematical formulation,big data and massive high-dimensional and high-frequency data have no big difference. From the statistical point of view, the big data study is to find a lower-dimensional stationary time series from the high-dimensional and high-frequency massive data, then use the law of large numbers(the ergodic theorem) to find the value of its application. In finance, that is just statistical arbitrage.

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Derivations of the even parts into the odd parts of the odd Hamiltonian Lie superalgebras

HUA Xiu-ying, LIU Wen-de

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 1-7.

Abstract （1393）

PDF （245KB）（1778）

For the problem of the derivations of the even part into
the odd part of the finite-dimensional odd Hamiltonian superalgebras
over a field of characteristic $p>3,$ by using the generating set of
the even part and calculating the action of derivations on its
generating set, the nonnegative $\mathbb{Z}$-homogeneous derivations
of the even part into the odd part were determined. Furthermore, by
applying the properties of the even part, the negative
$\mathbb{Z}$-homogeneous derivations of the even part into the odd
part were given. Therefore, all derivations of the even part into
the odd part of the finite-dimensional odd Hamiltonian superalgebras
were characterized, which has important significance to further
study the structure, the representation and the classification of
Lie superalgebras.

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On the kth derivatives of meromorphic functions and rational functions

YANG Pai, LIU Xiao-jun

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 8-17.

Abstract （1347）

PDF （201KB）（1832）

Let $f$ be a transcendental meromorphic function in
$\mathbb C$, $R\not\equiv0$
be a rational function,
and let $k$ be a positive integer.
Suppose that all zeros of $f$ have multiplicity at least $k+1$,
except possibly finite many.
Then $f^{(k)}-R$ has infinitely many zeros.

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Moment estimation for a class of moving averages driven by Brownian motions

HE Wei-ping, ZHANG Shi-bin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 18-25.

Abstract （1352）

PDF （380KB）（1920）

This paper was concerned with moment estimation for a
class of moving averages driven by Brownian motions, whose
autocorrelation functions take on both periodic and regressive
properties. Based on investigation of the relationship between the
parameter and auto-covariance function, the moment estimator of the
parameter was constructed. By analyzing the spectral density of the
discretely sampled trajectory, the properties of the mixing
coefficient were captured. Further, the consistency and asymptotic
normality of the estimator were proved. A simulation study showed
that the estimator achieves good performance even in the
small-sample circumstances. The real data analysis evidences that
the model can be used to depict the ship hull stress data.

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Bayes premium under variance-related principles with risk dependence

YU Jun, WEN Li-min

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 26-38.

Abstract （1388）

PDF （393KB）（1879）

In a classical collective risk model, the claim numbers
and claim amounts are usually assumed to be independent of each
other, but in the actual business of insurance, they are generally
dependent. In this paper, by introducing the concept of Sarmanov-Lee
family of dependent distributions, the collective premium and Bayes
premium were researched under variance-related the premium principle
with the dependence between the risk profiles. Finally, the
robustness of premium estimator were checked by numerical analysis.
The results show that the collective premium and Bayes premium are
highly sensitive even at the moderate levels of correlation between
the risk profiles.

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On the spectral radius of weighted bicyclic graphs with a positive weight set

LI Dan, WANG Guo-ping

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 39-42.

Abstract （1435）

PDF （199KB）（1686）

Let $\mathbb{B}^W_{n,n+1}$ denote the set of bicyclic
weighted graphs of order $n$ with the weight set $W$. In this
article we determine the structure and some weight distribution of
the weighted bicyclic graph with the largest spectral radius in
$\mathbb{B}^W_{n,n+1}$ with a fixed weight set
$W=\{w_1,w_2,\ldots,w_{n+1}\}$, where $w_1\geqslant w_2\geqslant
\cdots \geqslant w_{n+1}>0$.

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Face pose estimation based on 3 points perspective

DING Zhuo, TONG Wei-qing, ZHAO Ji

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 43-53, 61.

Abstract （1565）

PDF （590KB）（1585）

This paper presents an approach of face pose estimation
which is based on the feature point perspective transformation and
the statistical face model. First, we build the statistic face model
using three geometric feature points (2 eye points and one nose
tip). Second, we deduce the corresponding relationship of the three
points between the image coordination system and the world
coordination system, and obtain the equations for estimating the
face pose from the three points in the face image. Finally, using
iterative method, we give a complete fast algorithm of face pose
estimation. The experiment result shows that the proposed approach
is accurate, fast and robust.

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Nose tip location based on nose contour

LIU Dan, TONG Wei-qing

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 54-61.

Abstract （1248）

PDF （521KB）（1870）

This paper presents an approach to locate nose tip using
the lower contour of the nose. Firstly we determine the candidate
nose area through the prior knowledge of face and the location of
two eyes. Then we extract the lower contour of the nose through
calculating the confidence of the nose edges that detected by Canny
operator. Finally, we use least square method to fit the lower
contour into parabolic curve, and then locate the nose tip. The
experiment results show that the proposed approach is accurate and
practical.

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Study on the extraction of Chinese microblog subjective sentences based on lexicon and corpus

ZHU Hai-huan, YU Qing-song

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 62-68, 87.

Abstract （1167）

PDF （613KB）（2302）

In this paper, we propose a new method for the extraction
of Chinese microblog subjective sentence, which is based on a
combination of lexicon and corpus. By determining whether the
sentence contains emotional expressions, it can be classified as a
subjective or objective sentence. Firstly, a highly credible
sentiment lexicon was built based on the words whose emotional
orientation is fixed from the existing sentiment dictionary. Based
on the highly credible sentiment lexicon, sentiment expressions can
be extracted with assurance of accuracy. Finally, a N-POSW model was
proposed for the corpus-based learning method. Through the 2-POSW
model, the remained sentiment expressions in the sentence can be
extracted, thus guaranteeing the overall recall rate. Experimental
results show that the F Value in this paper increases 7{\%} compared
with the traditional method, which is based on the large-scale
sentiment lexicon.

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Study on polyimide film humidity sensitive capacitor for high altitude meteorological observation

BIAN Xiao-yue, ZHANG Jian, WANG Jian-ping, JI Chun, WU Yi-qi

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 69-76.

Abstract （1410）

PDF （780KB）（1758）

Based on MEMS technology, a design of humidity sensitive
capacitor was described. The capacitor employed sandwich structure,
i.e. polyimide was used as the humidity sensitive material and gold
was used as the electrodes. Capacitor shows a good pass rate of
80{\%}. As can be seen from the measurements, over the testing range
from 15{\%} RH to 95{\%} RH, the maximum linearity error is 1.5{\%}
RH. The sensitivity reaches 0.29pF /{\%} RH. The hysteresis is
small, and the sensor has fast response time of 4~s. Meanwhile,
capacitor shows good temperature coefficient and long-term
stability. The results show that the comprehensive indexes of
humidity capacitor are satisfactory. The capacitor is suitable for
batch fabrication and can be used for high altitude meteorological
observation.

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Structure-conductive property relationship of polypyrrole

YU Bo, XU Xue-cheng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 77-87.

Abstract （2424）

PDF （1700KB）（4724）

Polypyrrole was synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization. Samples presenting different conductivities were obtained by adjusting the preparing temperature. The polypyrrole samples have been investigated by means of four probe method, Solid state ¹³C NMR spectrum, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectrum and XPS, respectively. The experimental result suggested the fact that the conductivity of polypyrrole samples gradually decreases as the preparation temperature increases. The analysis indicates it is because the changing of internal structure follows the varying of external preparation conditions. The commonly structure of polypyrrole is a linear chain of monomers bonded by α-α carbons at a low preparation temperature. Through such a structure polypyrrole can form both a relatively planar configuration and a relatively planar conformation. This sort of structure provides the sample with a preferable regularity, a longer conjugated chain length and a higher conductivity. However, the ratio of α-α linkage drops as the preparation temperature increases, by which the structure of molecular is damaged, the degree of order declines. The carrier mobility of polypyrrole, as well as the conductive property, became lower.

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Feasibility of THz generation from DAST crystal excited by Yb-doped femtosecond laser

LUO Cong-wen, ZHAO Zhen-yu, YAN Ai-min, HU Zhi-juan, SHI Wang-zhou, CHEN Zhi-zhan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 88-93.

Abstract （1335）

PDF （930KB）（2046）

We investigate the feasibility to generate broadband THz
efficiently from the DAST crystal excited by anYttrium-doped
femtosecond pulse laser. Taking account of the phase matching
condition and the impact of THz absorption, we simulated the THz
emission spectra of DAST, CdTe as well as GaP crystals excited at
1.03 $\mu $m. Given a fixed thickness of 0.1 mm, the DAST achieves
12 THz bandwidth, much larger than CdTe (3.5 THz) and GaP (6.4 THz).
Furthermore, the maximum emission amplitude of DAST exceed beyond 10
times of magnitude to CdTe or GaP crystals. Therefore, DAST crystal
is proposed to be an efficient THz emitter adapt for Yttrium-doped
femtosecond pulse lasers.

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Altered white matter architecture among college athletes: A diffusion tensor imaging study

SHEN Guo-hua, ZHANG Jian, WANG Hui, WU Yin, ZENG Yu-wen, DU Xiao-xia

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 94-101.

Abstract （1283）

PDF （975KB）（2286）

Previous studies have shown that motor skill learning can
induce changes involving the structural reorganization of gray and
white matter architecture. However, whether learning
basketball-related motor skills activates structural plasticity in
the cerebral white matter is presently unknown. We used diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI) to assess microstructural differences within
the white matter of college basketball athletes and non-athletes. In
all, 15 healthy college basketball athletes and 15 healthy college
non-athletes took part in the experiments. Tract-based spatial
statistics (TBSS) were used to perform a whole-brain analysis of the
DTI data and to explore brain structural differences between
athletes and non-athletes. Compared to non-athletes, athletes
demonstrated significantly greater FA in the right middle temporal
gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus,
right frontal lobe, right precentral gyrus, left insular cortex and
parahippocampal gyrus. These areas are all involved in learning
motor skills and sports training. The results imply that there is an
association between sports training and subsequent white matter
changes.

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De novo transcriptome analysis and the phylogenetic position of glass lizards

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 102-112.

Abstract （2316）

PDF （1556KB）（3043）

Glass lizards are a group of reptiles that resemble snake
and possess many lizard's characteristics that contributed to its
ambiguous taxonomy. Meanwhile, glass lizards were recorded to have
many therapeutic applications in TCM. Hence, we present the
sequencing, de novo assembly and annotation of transcriptome from
\textit{Ophisaurus}\textit{ harti}'s gastrointestinal tract. A total
4.6~Gbp of high quality data was generated, 58~959 unigenes were
assembled and 35~708 (60.56{\%}) unigenes were annotated to the
public databases. To understand the evolutionary relationship among
glass lizard, snake and lizard, ortholog gene families and
phylogenic tree were performed, and the results all showed that
\textit{Ophisaurus}\textit{harti} is more closely related to the
snakes than to the lizard. A total of 10~613 cSSR markers from the
\textit{Ophisaurus}\textit{harti} transcriptome were identified and
1~644 markers were obtained using at least one primer with a strict
criterion. This is the first time to give insight into the
transcriptome and phylogenetic evolution in \textit{Ophisaurus
harti}. These sequences and markers will provide valuable sources
for \textit{Ophisaurus harti} studies.

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Isolation and identification of lignin decomposing bacteria and cloning of lip gene in termite gut

GAO Yun-hang, WANG Wei, LIU Meng, GOU Chang-long, LOU YU-jie, MA Hong-xia

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 113-121, 179.

Abstract （1386）

PDF （1047KB）（1892）

A strain of bacterium that named PY12 was isolated from
the termite gut using Azure B method, which had an efficiently
lignin decomposition function. It was identificated as
\textit{Enterobacter hormaechei}. by morphological, biochemical
identification and\\ 16S rRNA identification. The $lip$ gene were
amplified by the specific primers, and then cloning it into pMD19-T
vector, the target fragment sequences were 918 bp, Homology
comparison with the $lip$ gene which known in GenBank, the Homology
was low, but when the nucleotide sequences were translated into
protein, the homology was up to 88.5{\%} with the Pseudomonas sp..

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Study on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by BiOBr under visible light

ZHU Pei-juan, CHEN Wei, LI Chun-yan, ZHAO Ya-ping

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 122-131.

Abstract （2058）

PDF （2564KB）（2247）

This paper studied the photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue (MB) by BiOBr under visible light. The influence factors, such as pH, amount of catalysts and the concentrations of reaction solution were investigated so as to check the performance of the process and understand the mechanism of degradation of MB. The inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the reaction system was determined by adding various radical scavengers. Above results help to deduce photodegradation mechanism of MB catalyzed by BiOBr and the mainly active oxygen species in the reaction system.

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Study on species identification of submerged aquatic vegetation based on spectral characteristics

ZOU Wei-na, ZHANG Li-quan, YUAN Lin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 132-140.

Abstract （1503）

PDF （1045KB）（2877）

The among-species spectral characteristics of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) could provide effective parameters for species identification to timely monitor the distribution and growth status of SAV using remote sensing technology. In this study, the spectral reflectance of the typical SAV plants were measured using a FieldSpecTM Pro JR Spectroradiometer in Dianshan Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in Shanghai suburbs, including 6 SAV species Najas marina, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Potamogeton malaianus. The spectral characteristics of reflectance curves and first derivative curves for different species were analyzed, while vegetation indexes and spectral indexes were screened for identifying species of SAV using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The results show that the reflectancecurves were similar in shape but much variable in magnitude at the visible and near infrared wavebands for different SAV species. The spectral index NAV, REP and NGP were the most sensitive characteristic index for identifying 6 SAV species. The index NAV, REP and NGP could well reflect and amplify the differences in morphological structure of plant, physiological and biochemical composition among different SAV species and the among-species discrimination of their habitat synthetically. The results from this study could be helpful to accurately interpret the community composition, distribution and biodiversity dynamics of SAV on a large scale from hyperspectral remote sensing image.

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Effects of reclamation on phytoplankton community structure and biodiversity in Jiaojiang Estuary

WANG Chun-ye, ZHOU Bin, DING Xiao-dong, HUANG Bei

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 141-153，179.

Abstract （1514）

PDF （5247KB）（1930）

Investigations on phytoplankton of Jiaojiang Estuary（28.67°~28.69°N, 121.45°~121.62°E） were carried out in July 2007, July 2008, and August 2010, and compared with historical data. 5 Phylums and 167 species were identified in the three investigations which were 101, 96 and 117 respectively before，inning and after reclamation. Cell abundance of phytoplankton were 20.34×10³ cell /L, 266.94×10³ cell /L and 66.94×10³ cell /L, and Shannon-Wiener Index of phytoplankton were 1.95, 0.60 and 0.40 respectively. Dominant species of phytoplankton included Bacillariophyta and Pyrrophyta before and after reclamation, such as Coscinodiscus jonesianus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Skeletonema costatum, Rhizosolenia delicatula, but only Bacillariophyta existed inning reclamation, such as Chaetoceros lorenzianus and Ditylum brightwellii. Reclamation promoted the enhancement of cell abundance but reduced the stability and balance of phytoplankton community structure. CCA analysis showed that pH, temperature, nitrogen/phosphorus/silicon nutrients, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand were the main water quality parameters affecting community structure of phytoplankton. The main water quality parameters affecting Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta and Pyrrophyta were dissolved oxygen, oil, temperature and chemical oxygen demand respectively. Long time scale and short time scale analysis come to similar conclusions that water quality , community structure and biodiversity of phytoplankton have changed before and after reclamation of Jiaojiang Estuary.

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Saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary during the drought in late the spring and early summer of 2011

GU Sheng-hua

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 154-162.

Abstract （1486）

PDF （3877KB）（1636）

The drought events happen in the Changjiang River basin with increasing frequency in recent years due to the global climate change. There was a drought event at the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River in the late spring and early summer of 2011, resulting in the river discharge at Datong station in April, May and June of 2011 decrease 33.4%, 50.6% and 50.3%, respectively, compared with the corresponding monthly mean values. The observation data indicated that in the April salinity at Chongxi hydrological station exceeded 0.45 (standard of drink water) in the most measured time, the saltwater spilling over from the North Branch took about 2 days and 3~5 days from Chongxi hydrological station to Nanmen and Baogang reservoir, respectively, the not suitable water intake time was 2 and 4 days at Baogang reservoir, 5 and 4 days at Qingcaosha reservoir. In the middle and late May, it was still occurred by high saline water at Yonglongsha in the North Branch, it reached 7 days that salinity exceeded the drink water standard at Chongxi hydrological station, the not suitable water intake time was 8 days at Qingcaosha reservoir. During the observed 5 tidal periods from 4 to 7 in June (middle tide after spring tide), salinity near Dongfenxisha reservoir water intake was higher than 0.45 in about half observation time, was lower than 0.45 near Chenhang reservoir and Qingcaosha reservoir water intakes, but increased gradually with time, indicating that the salt there come from the saltwater spilled over from the North Branch. The saltwater intrusion in the Chnagjiang River Estuary happens generally in December and next January to March, and vanishes in April to June with the increasing river discharge. The drought event induced by climate change enhanced the saltwater intrusion and influenced severely the safety of water intake in the Changjiang River estuary in the not period of saltwater intrusion.

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Impact of the reclamation project of Xincunsha on the saltwater intrusion in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary

CHEN Jing, ZHU Jian-rong

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 163-172.

Abstract （1658）

PDF （4933KB）（2205）

The reclamation project of enclose Xincunsha and block its southern channel in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary was conducted in 2012, resulting in the river regime changed artificially. Considering the monthly mean river discharge and wind in January and February, the 3-D saltwater intrusion numerical model in the Changjiang estuary, which has been applied, improved and validated for long-term, was used to investigate the influences of the saltwater-spill-over (SSO) from the north branch into the South Branch and the water intakes of Qingcaosha, Chenhang and Dongfengxish reservoirs due to the project. The saltwater intrusion is enhanced and salinity increases 0.05~0.10 downstream Xincunsha, whereas is weakened and salinity decreases 0.05~1.0 upstream Xincunsha due to the project. The tidally averaged salt fluxes of SSO cross the section at upper reaches of the North Branch reduced 7.52%, 16.48%, 10.17%, 6.49% during moderate tide following spring tide, neap tide, moderate tide following neap tide, spring tide after the project, respectively. The reduce of the SSO induces an increase of freshwater area in the South Branch. The tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of reservoir during moderate tide following spring tide, neap tide, moderate tide following neap tide, spring tide is reduced by 4.52%, 10.23%, 9.15%, 5.81% at Dongfengxisha, by 10.59%, 13.11%, 32.89%, 13.95% at Chenhang, and by 10.50%, 8.19%, 9.17%, 11.99% at Qingchaosha, respectively. Correspondingly, the longest continuous unsuitable days for water intake decrease from 10.1 to 9.3 days at Dongfengxisha, from 5 to 4.4 days at Chenhang, and from 6.2 to 5.1days at Qingchaosha. The reclamation project of Xincunsha narrowed water flow cross section, and weakened the SSO, which is favor of the utilization of freshwater in the South Branch.

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Application of BD RDSS for marine data transmission

HE Si-long， YE Fang-zhou， WANG Yuan-fei

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (4): 173-179.

Abstract （1544）

PDF （998KB）（2323）

The ocean is always one of the biggest blind spot of traditional communication technologies. Because of lack of effective means of communication, resulting in information communication difficulties between ship and shore, highly informatization of offshore marine engineering ships have become floating “information islands” in the sea. Beidou Satellite Navigation System has integrated navigation and communication, which has provided a feasible technology way to solve the
Vessel-Shore Integration. This paper proposed a Beidou cluster data transmission technology solution based on short message communication principle of Beidou RDSS (radio determination satellite Service), which solves the problem of large amount of data transmission for marine engineering ships. The software can transmit thousands of physical quantity containing ship machine state data, construction condition data, position information to shore command center in real-time through the development of the communication protocol, the establishment of an effective algorithm of data processing and compression algorithms, which realizes the Vessel-Shore Integration of offshore operations and provides an information technology security for the ship scheduling of production and business management.

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Fault tolerance in NoSQL systems: Principles and system analysis

KONG Chao, QIAN Wei-Ning, ZHOU Ao-Ying

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 1-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.001

Abstract （1430）

PDF （2484KB）（1745）

NoSQL data management systems have been widely used in Web data management and processing applications, for their high scalabilities and fault tolerence. The fault tolerence is achieved by using new consistency models and data replications in clustered systems. In this paper, the mechanism and implementation details of five representative NoSQL systems, i.e. Bigtable, HBase, Dynamo, Cassandra, and PNUSTS, were discussed and analyzed, after a general introduction to the principles of consistency preserving and fault tolerent processing. Furthermore, the impact of these technologies on system availability, performance and workload balance, was analyzed. Finally, their influence on the design of inmemory database management systems was discussed.

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Survey of resource uniform management and scheduling in cluster

LI Yong-Feng, ZHOU Min-Qi, HU Hua-Liang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 17-30. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.002

Abstract （2151）

PDF （1403KB）（5227）

With the rapid development of Internet and the coming of big data, resource management system, a thin resource sharing layer that enables sharing cluster across diverse cluster computing frameworks, by giving frameworks a common interface for accessing cluster resources. For powering both large Internet services and a growing number of dataintensive scientific applications, cluster computing framework will continue emerge, and no framework will be optimal for all applications. Therefore, multiplexing a cluster between frameworks makes significant difference. Deploying and running multiple frameworks in the same cluster, improves utilization and allowing applications to share access to large datasets that may be costly to replicate across clusters. This paper is aimed to illustrate current major techniques of resource management and scheduling in cluster, including resource representation model, resource allocation model and scheduling policy. Finally, current prominent solutions, which have been developed and used by many companies, will be demonstrated, and we then summary and contrast these solutions used in recent years.

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Key techniques and challenges of designing new OLTP database systems

REN Kun, LI Zhan-Huai

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 31-42. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.003

Abstract （1505）

PDF （588KB）（1697）

Traditional database systems were designed based on the hardware environment in 1970s. However, with the era of “Cloud Computing” and “Big Data”, On Line Transaction Processing requires database systems to provide more transaction throughput and better scalability. Meanwhile, the development of Computer hardware, in particular memory and multiple CPU Cores offer new opportunity for database systems evolution. Therefore, researching and designing new distributed database systems becomes more and more crucial. This paper researched on the key techniques and challenges of designing new OLTP Database systems.

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Development of parallel computing models in the big data era

PAN Wei, LI Zhan-Huai

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 43-54. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.004

Abstract （1940）

PDF （459KB）（5473）

In the era of big data, the changing of the constraints gives the parallel computing opportunities and challenges for developing. This paper reviewed the new progress and changes of the parallel computing; combining with the effects of the hardware environments, computing pattern, application requirements on the parallel computing, the relevant research on batchoriented parallel computing model, streamingoriented parallel computing model, graphoriented parallel computing model and inmemory parallel computing model are summarized; Finally, the future development trends are evaluated.

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Research of large scale graph data management with in memory computing techniques

YUAN Pei-Sen, SHU Xin, SHA Chao-Feng, XU Huan-Liang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 55-71. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.005

Abstract （2056）

PDF （2216KB）（5758）

Graph is an important data model, which can describe structural information including dependent relationship, such as transportation network, social network and webpage hyperlink. Management of big graph brings challenges for traditional techniques, however, distributed cluster provide platform and techniques for this problem. Nowadays, the ratio of performance and price of memory promote rapidly, while demand of applications of highperformance, inmemory computing for massive data management is becoming popular. The storage and evaluation of massive graph requires highperformance platform. In this context, it’s significant for studying graph data management with inmemory techniques. This paper surveyes key techniques of management of massive graph data, and researched graph data management of inmemory computing techniques，and finally summarizes the paper.

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Survey of architecture and system level optimization for non volatile main memory

SUN Guang-Yu, SHU Ji-Wu, WANG Peng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 72-81. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.006

Abstract （1318）

PDF （1220KB）（2254）

With the rapid improvement of modern computing applications, there is an increasing requirement of capacity, performance, and power consumption of memory system for both “computingintensive” and “dataintensive” applications. However, main memory based on traditional DRAM technology cannot fully satisfy the requirement because the improvement of DRAM technology is slower than that of CMOS technology. Moreover, it becomes even worse since the performance gap between HDD based storage and DRAM based main memory keeps increasing at the same time. Recently, the substantial progress of various nonvolatile memory technologies has provided an opportunity to mitigate this problem. This paper presents a survey of recent architecture and system level research work on nonvolatile main memory. It shows that different types of nonvolatile main memory can help improve performance and reduce power consumption of memory system significantly.

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Survey of mainmemory database availability

JIANG Ze-Yuan, LIU Hui-Lin, WU Gang, WANG Guo-Ren

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 82-88. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.007

Abstract （1340）

PDF （712KB）（3309）

With the development of hardware technology, the cost of main memory is decreasing, which makes it possible to let DBMS (Database Management System) put the whole data into main memory. Compared to traditional DRDB (DiskResident Database), MMDB (MainMemory Database) provides much faster of data storage, higher throughput of applications, stronger ability on concurrent access, and meets the demand of timely response. However, due to its volatility, MMDB has differences on system availability with DRDB. The survey focuses on main strategies of improving the availability of MMDBs, including fast recovery, redundant backup and fault tolerance mechanism.

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Distributed computing system for communication data management

CHAO Ping-Fu, ZHENG Zhi-Ling, FANG Jun-Hua, ZHANG Rong

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 89-102. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.008

Abstract （1351）

PDF （2911KB）（1867）

In this article, a communication data management platform based on an open sourced resource on clustered system which has the requirement for inmemory data computing is introduced, in order to support real time processing as well as online queries under the massive data volume efficiently. In particular, we firstly give a brief analysis on popular distributed and in memory techniques, provide candidate techniques and test for choosing the approprate ones for our task. Then, we design and implement an online communication data processing and query platform. Finally, we use inmemory techniques to optimize our platform performance. The experimental results indicate that the inmemory distributed computing system not only outperforms the disk based system in both query response time and real time processing speed, but also improves on resource utilization and data throughput.

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Consistency and availability in OceanBase

ZHOU Huan, FAN Qiu-Shi, HU Hua-Liang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 103-116. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.009

Abstract （2204）

PDF （3235KB）（2144）

OceanBase as a distributed database, not only supports for cross table relational query and interbank transactions but also ensures consistency and availability. Based on the study of traditional database architectures and distributed database architectures, this article analyzed the architecture of consistency and availability in OceanBase, and finally discussed the implementations of the three architectures evolved from OceanBase.

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Research on in memory data warehouse cluster technologies

ZHANG Yan-Song, WANG Shan, ZHOU Hui

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 117-132. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.010

Abstract （1165）

PDF （4711KB）（2383）

With the development of hardware integration techniques, multicore processor and big memory come to be main stream configuration and inmemory computing comes to be the emerging high performance data analytical platform. In memory data warehouse cluster technologies target high performance analytical computing, and it will be the basic platform for big data real time analytical processing. This paper briefly introduces the research work on inmemory data warehouse cluster of Renmin University high performance database research group, including the developments of column distribution and column computing service oriented ScaMMDB cluster, horizontal partition and parallel computing oriented ScaMMDBII, and reverse star schema distribution and cluster vector computing oriented MiNTOLAPCluster technologies. The critical issues and technical challenges are also presented in this paper. Finally, we give a prospective discussion on future technologies for the coming in memory data warehouse cluster requirements.

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Simulator for hybrid memory architecture

LIU Dong, ZHANG Jin-Bao, LIAO Xiao-Fei, JIN Hai

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 133-140. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.011

Abstract （2462）

PDF （1508KB）（5348）

This paper proposed a method for building a simulator for hybrid memory architecture based on gem5. When building, this method first added a hybrid memory controller between the memory bus and the memory model, then introduced the nonvolatile memory model of NVMain and hooked it up to the the newly added hybrid memory controller along with the native DRAM model of gem5. This method could achieve the goal of building a simulator for hybrid memory architecture, which was proved by the experiment results.

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The architecture of OceanBase relational database system

YANG Zhen-Kun

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 141-148. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.012

Abstract （3745）

PDF （1727KB）（2519）

Traditional RDBMS is essentially a singlemachine system and usually employs highend server and highreliable storage device due to performance and reliability issues which make it incompetent to serve today’s Internet applications with high scalability, high performance, high available and low cost. OceanBase is an opensource, sharednothing, distributed relational database system, which is developed from scratch at Alibaba. Built on top of computer clusters consisting of inexpensive commodity PC servers, OceanBase meets the requirement of modern internet applications quite well. OceanBase has been widely used in the production systems of Taobao, Tmall and Alipay for years.

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Memory transaction engine of OceanBase

LI Kai, HAN Fu-Sheng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 147-163. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.013

Abstract （3116）

PDF （2582KB）（3918）

OceanBase is a distributed scalable relational database.Its storage architecture is designed by separating baseline static data and increment dynamic data, whose memory transaction engine, namely Memtable, provide dynamic data storage, write, and query, clients wrote data to the inmemory data structure. Memtable and some transaction management structures together form the inmemory database engine, which can achieve the transaction ACID properties. Bybased multiversion concurrency control techniques to prevent reading and writing from blocking each other to achieve readonly transactions to meet the“snapshot isolation”level; Provide multiwrite concurrency control by using classic rowlock technology to meet the“read committed”transaction isolation level.

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Scalable distributed storage of OceanBase

HUANG Gui, ZHUANG Ming-Qiang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 164-172. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.014

Abstract （2031）

PDF （1629KB）（2726）

OceanBase is a distributed relational database, its purpose is to store vast amounts of structured data in highgrowth, lowcost servers to achieve high availability, high scalability and costeffective services. OceanBase using memory and external store hybrid storage mode, stores the incremental (update) data in memory, and the baseline (readonly) data in external storage (usually disk), baseline data is divided into slices we called tablet roughly the same amount of data and the use of distributed B+ tree stored on many data servers, using the daily merge mechanism to keep the combined incremental data into baseline.This article describes the basic structure and distribution methods of OceanBase baseline data storage, as well as the daily merge mechanism, in addition, we will introduce in OceanBase baseline data storage format of the specific design and implementation.

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High availability solution of OceanBase

YANG Chuan-Hui

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 173-179. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.015

Abstract （3006）

PDF （1451KB）（3459）

Shared storage or masterslave replication is used in traditional RDBMS to achieve high availability. The first solution relies on high available hardware, and so are of high cost, while the second solution cannot meet the requirements of strong consistency and high availability concurrently. OceanBase combines cloud computing and database technology. Its high availability solution is based on Paxos protocol. This solution is built on top of commodity machine. It meets requirements of both strong consistency and high availability with low cost.

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Join algorithms towards inmemory computing

ZHANG Lei, FANG Zhu-He, ZHOU Min-Qi, HUANG Lan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 180-191. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.016

Abstract （1495）

PDF （1178KB）（2307）

The development of memory and CPU technology marks that mainmemory computing age is coming. This paper systematically reviewed memory computing based join algorithms and made detailed analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of existing join algorithms in two dimensions, prospecting for future research directions. Finally, some research work about mainmemory computing based join algorithms on our Claims prototype system was introduced.

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In-memory index: Performance enhancement techniques leveraging on processors

DONG Shao-Chan, ZHOU Min-Qi, ZHANG Rong, ZHOU Ao-Ying

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 192-206. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.017

Abstract （1349）

PDF （1068KB）（2676）

As main memory capacities grows larger and larger, the memory era has arrived and inmemory databases have taken the place of traditional diskbased databases to provide efficient data management. In this paper, we analyzed the fundamental elements in inmemory index designing: summarized and evaluated the existing index structures, pointing out the future opportunities and challenges based on the development trend of current applications. Finally, we introduced our ongoing distributed inmemory index studies on the Cluster Aware InMemory System (CLAIMS).

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Fault tolerance recovery techniques in large distributed parallel computing system

ZHANG Xin-Zhou, ZHOU Min-Qi

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 207-215. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.018

Abstract （1281）

PDF （397KB）（2418）

Supercomputing systems today often come in the form of large numbers of commodity systems linked together into a computing cluster. These systems, like any distributed system, can have large numbers of independent hardware components cooperating or collaborating on a computation. Unfortunately,any of this vast number of components can fail at any time, resulting in potentially erroneous output. In order to improve the robustness of supercomputing applications in the presence of failures,many techniques have been developed to provide resilience to these kinds of system faults. This survey provides an overview of these various fault tolerance techniques.

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In-memory cluster computing: Interactive data analysis

HUANG Lan, SUN Ke, CHEN Xiao-Zhu, ZHOU Min-Qi

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 216-227. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.019

Abstract （1470）

PDF （2056KB）（2443）

This paper discussed the management and analysis over data for decision support, which is defined as one of the three categories of big data. In this big data era, business intelligence creates tremendous large market values, while the enhancement in the computer hardware further stimulate the emergence of new data analysis applications, which require interactive data analysis. Based on the detailed analysis of the typical applications, we find that the inmemory cluster computing system will be the future trends for interactive data analysis. In the environment of inmemory cluster computing systems, the network communication has become the main bottleneck when comparing to memory data access and disk I/Os. Hence, the further research topics within the inmemory cluster computing aspects, including the system topology of the distributed sharednothing inmemory computing systems when considering the characteristics of memory (e.g., volatility, memory wall) as well as communication bottleneck, the data placement and index strategies for isomerism, multilevel cache, the parallel computing framework of multi-granularity over multi-core, multi-processor and multicomputer, the data consistency of the distributed data management, data compression and process mechanism over the column wise data storage.

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LCDJ: Locality conscious join algorithm for in-memory cluster computing

ZHANG Lei, ZHOU Min-Qi, WANG Li

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 228-239. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.020

Abstract （1425）

PDF （1665KB）（1588）

Equal join is one of the most important operators in database systems. Hash join is an efficient algorithm for equal join. In distributed inmemory database system, data tables are partitioned across multiple nodes. Hash join needs two input tables to be repartitioned on the joined attributes under the same hash function before local join, to make sure that tuples from the two tables with the same join values are transferred to the same node. Since the speed of data processing in memory is much faster than the speed of network, data repartition occupies a large amount of time and becomes the bottleneck of equal join in distributed in-memory database. This paper proposes a novel equal join algorithm, which takes full advantages of in-memory computing and reduces the volume of data to be transferred. The algorithm first accumulates accurate statistics on the joined attributes of two tables, and then builds a cost model to measure the cost of different schedule strategies, and generates the optimized schedule strategy. Furthermore, the degree of parallelism and computing load balance are taken into consideration in our cost model. The proposed algorithm is implemented on our in-memory distributed prototype system Claims. Extensive experiment confirms that the algorithm effectively reduces the cost of network communication, improves the query response time by a huge margin, and gets a higher performance than Hive and Shark.

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Co-OLAP: Research on cooperated OLAP with star schema benchmark on hybrid CPU&GPU platform

ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Yan-Song, ZHANG Bing, CHEN Hong, WANG Shan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 240-251. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.021

Abstract （1386）

PDF （2631KB）（1401）

Nowadays GPUs have powerful parallel computing capability even for moderate GPUs on moderate servers. Opposite to the recent research efforts, a moderate server may be equipped with several high level CPUs and a moderate GPU, which can provide additional computing power instead of more powerful CPU computing. In this paper, we focus on Co-OLAP(Cooperated OLAP) processing on a moderate workstation to illustrate how to make a moderate GPU cooperate with powerful CPUs and how to distribute data and computation between the balanced computing platforms to create a simple and efficient Co-OLAP model. According to real world configuration, we propose a maximal high performance data distribution model based on RAM size, GPU device memory size, dataset schema and special designed AIR(array index referencing) algorithm. The Co-OLAP model distributes dataset into host and device memory resident datasets, the OLAP is also divided into CPU and GPU adaptive computing to minimize data movement between CPU and GPU memories. The experimental results show that two Xeon six-core CPUs slightly outperform one NVIDA Quadra 5 000 GPU with 352 cuda cores with SF=20 SSB dataset, the Co-OLAP model can assign balanced workload and make each platform simple and efficient.

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Batch processing for main memory data management

ZHOU Hui, XUE Zhong-Bin

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 252-262. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.022

Abstract （1527）

PDF （1591KB）（1599）

Main memory based data processing is substantially faster than disk based data processing. When developing a traditional Disk Resident DBMS, various optimization techniques are required to ensure that query response time meet the requirements of general applications. This is less necessary for a Main Memory DBMS, whose response time usually goes far beyond the requirements of most applications, due to the superior speed of main memory. As a result, throughput becomes a more important concern for system design. The central idea of Batch Processing is to achieve improved throughput at by trading off response time. Therefore, we believe that batch processing will play an important role in main memory centered data processing. This paper attempts to provide some insight on how to apply the idea of batch processing to speedup Main Memory DBMS. A case study on inmemory moving object manage is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of batch processing.

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Equi-join optimization on spark

BIAN Hao-Qiong, CHEN Yue-Guo, DU Xiao-Yong, GAO Yan-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 261-270. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.023

Abstract （2962）

PDF （833KB）（1539）

Equi-join is one of the most common and costly operations in data analysis. The implementations of equijoin on Spark are different from those in parallel databases. Equi-join algorithms based on data prepartitioning which are commonly used in parallel databases can hardly be implemented on Spark. Currently common used equijoin algorithms on Spark, such as broadcast join and repartition join, are not efficient. How to improve equijoin performance on Spark becomes the key of big data analysis on Spark. This work combines the advantages of SimiJoin and Partition Join and provides an optimized equijoin algorithm based on the features of Spark. It is indicated by cost analysis and experiment that this algorithm is 12 times faster than algorithms used in stateoftheart data analysis systems on Spark.

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A nested query strategy oriented massive distributed database

PEI Ou-Ya, LIU Wen-Jie, LI Zhan-Huai, TIAN Zheng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 271-280. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.024

Abstract （1537）

PDF （1646KB）（2139）

NoSQL databases have very good read/write performance and scalability in Big data analysis and processing, but they cannot support complete SQL queries and transactions across tables or rows, which limits the application of financial business based on the traditional relation databases. OceanBase, a distributed database, combines the advantages of relational databases and nonrelational databases, supporting relational queries and transactions across tables or rows. However, at present OceanBase only supports simple and nonnested queries which cannot meet the needs of financial business. After studying the OceanBase architecture and query strategy, a new strategy based on BloomFilter and HashMap is proposed in this paper. Experiments show that the strategy can improve the existing query strategy and enhance query performance.

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Study on stored procedure implementation oriented to OceanBase

ZHU Tao, ZHOU Min-Qi, ZHANG Zhao

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 281-289. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.025

Abstract （1233）

PDF （900KB）（1623）

A stored procedure is a precompiled subroutine stored in database server, which improves the efficiency of applications’ database access. This paper discussed the implementation of stored procedure based on both static language and dynamic language. Besides, we gave a primary design for implementing stored procedures in OceanBase.

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Implementation of database schema design in distributed environment

PANG Tian-Ze, ZHANG Chen-Dong, GAO Ming, GONG Xue-Qing

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 290-300. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.026

Abstract （1444）

PDF （2321KB）（1866）

Recently, we have witnessed an exponential increase in the amount of data. It results in a problem that a centralized database is hard to scaleup to the massive business requirements. A distributed database (DDB) is an alternative that can be scalable to the large scale applications by distributing the data to multinode server. Now, many enterprises have successfully implemented some distributed databases, such as Google Spanner and TaoBao OceanBase. In the theory of the designation of traditional database, different normal forms reduce the operational exception and data redundancy, and also ensure the data integrity. However, a schema design strictly following the normal forms leads to an inefficiently distributed database system because of the large amount of distributed relational operations. Fortunately, denormalization can significantly improve the query efficiency by reducing the number of relations and the amount of the distributed relational operations. OceanBase, a distributed database, is implemented by TaoBao and has high performance for OLTP, rather than OLAP. In this paper, we introduce how to utilize denormalization to design the schema for OceanBase and to improve the performance of OLAP. Finally, we illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the denormalization design for OceanBase in the empirical study by using benchmark TPC-H.

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OceanBase schema design for OLAP application

GU Ling, WENG Hai-Xing, HU Hua-Liang, ZHAO Qiong

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 301-310. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.027

Abstract （1898）

PDF （3186KB）（1691）

As big data era is coming, high demands on the scalibility and query efficiency of database as user requirements are becoming more and more complicated. OceanBase developed by Alibaba is the relational distributed database. It is eqiupped with the feature of scalibility, low cost and availability. In addition, it is used in much wider applications, including OLTP and OLAP. However, the newest released version of OceanBase can only support the primary key index and cannot support the secondary index. Besides, OceanBase has no parallelism for join, which affects the query efficiency enormously. 〖JP2〗Therefore, the OceanBase schema design is necessary to make the primary key index and decreasing times of join useful. This paper studies TPCH application as the OLAP example to analyse the relational database schema design and propose the OceanBase schema design. At last, we varify the efficiency of the schema design through experiments.

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Application of inmemory data management technology in genealogy information system

ZHANG Wen-Jie, PENG Zhi-Yong, PENG Yu-Wei

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 311-319. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.028

Abstract （1007）

PDF （712KB）（1851）

In this paper, a new genealogy information system was designed and implemented. It provides data inputting, data service and data outputting functions. The new genealogy information system is based on the distributed structure. Its distributed nodes employ the inmemory data management technology. Every distributed node initializes the hot data and creates index based on the user request in mainmemory columnstores. And it implements the data synchronization between the disk and inmemory as well as the data synchronization between distributed nodes and data center data node with transaction logs.

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How to evaluate inmemory database objectively

KANG Qiang-Qiang, JIN Che-Qing, ZHANG Zhao, HU Hua-Liang, ZHOU Ao-Ying

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 320-329. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.029

Abstract （1477）

PDF （1829KB）（1968）

The hardware technology continues to develop in the past decade, and the price of memory gets lower so that many computer systems tend to deployhugesize memory. To fulfill this benefit, the researchers also developed several inmemory databases (IMDB) that execute workloads after preloading the whole data into memory. The bloom of various inmemory databases shows the necessity of testing and evaluating their performance objectively and fairly. Although the existing database benchmarks have shown great success during the development of the database technologies, including Wisconsin benchmark, TPCX series, and so on, such work cannot be applied straightforwardly due to the lack of consideration of several unique characteristics of inmemory databases. In this article, we propose a novel benchmark, called InMemBench, to test and evaluate the performance of an inmemory database objectively and fairly. Different from traditional database benchmarks, we take special consideration of startup, data organization, and data compression. Moreover, we conduct extensive experiments to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposal.

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Benchmarking continuous queries over social streams

LI Ye, XIA Fan, QIAN Wei-Ning

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 330-339. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.030

Abstract （1279）

PDF （684KB）（2027）

Continuous query processing over social streams has a wide range of applications. However,the problem is not intensively studied. This paper built a model of the continuous query problem over social streams. Data characteristics, types and distributions of workload, and performance measurements, were introduced. Furthermore, a benchmarks on this problem was presented. This work is important for system selection and comparison of technologies for social stream processing.

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Design and implementation of a database benchmark visualization tool VisualDBBench and application in mainmemory databases

LI Liang, WU Gang, LIU Hui-Lin, WANG Guo-Ren

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (5): 340-350. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.05.031

Abstract （1599）

PDF （4135KB）（1879）

From the view of developing automatic database testing tools, this paper studies TPC Benchmark C and TPC benchmark H standard specification in depth. On the above basis, the test model is presented, and the architecture and major classes of our automated database testing tools, VisualDBBench, are described. Furthermore, we verified that main-memory databases have more advantages than that of traditional databases.

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Quantum Schur superalgebras and finite general linear groups

CHEN Xiao-Yu, WANG Jian-Pan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 1-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.001

Abstract （1200）

PDF （148KB）（1804）

This paper realizes quantum Schur superalgebras as the endomorphism algebras of certain representations of general linear groups
over finite fields, generalizing the relationship between quantum Schur algebras and finite general linear groups established by Beilinson, Lusztig, and MacPherson and described in details in the monograph Finite Dimensional Algebras and Quantum Groups by Deng, Du, Parshall, and Wang.

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Characterization of potent rings

YING Zhi-Ling, WENG Ye-Zao

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 9-11. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.002

Abstract （1087）

PDF （199KB）（1655）

This paper proved that a ring R is potent iff Spec(R) has a clopen pi-base and
its idempotents can be lifted modulo J(R). The result gives a characterization of potent
rings.

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Biharmonic hypersurfaces with at most twodistinct principal curvatures in E_sⁿ⁺¹

YANG Chao, LIU Jian-Cheng

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 12-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.003

Abstract （1083）

PDF （176KB）（1721）

In this paper, we studied biharmonic hypersurfaces of pseudo-Euclidean space E_sⁿ⁺¹with at most two distinct principal curvatures. Assume the shape operator is diagonalizable, we proved that such hypersurfaces are minimal.

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Perturbation of single-valued extension property and its application

DAI Lei, CAO Xiao-Hong

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 17-24. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.004

Abstract （1330）

PDF （279KB）（1596）

A new spectral set was defined on the basis of being consistent in Fredholm and index. By applying the new spectral set and a variant of the essential approximate point spectrum, the compact perturbation of the single-valued extension property was studied. Also, the equivalent characterization of the generalized property (ω) was proposed.

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Oscillation of higher order functional differential equations with positive and negative coefficients and damping term

YANG Jia-Shan

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 25-34. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.005

Abstract （1301）

PDF （286KB）（1682）

The oscillation for a class of even order nonlinear variable delay damped functional differential equation with positive and negative coefficients and nonlinear neutral term was discussed. By introducing parameter function and the generalized Riccati transformation, using H¨older inequality and some necessary analytic techniques, some new criteria for the oscillation of the equation were proposed. These criteria improve and generalize some known results. Examples were given to illustrate the main results.

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A new proof of the generalized Craig-Sakamoto theorem

DU Cui-Zhen

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 35-38. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.006

Abstract （1164）

PDF （174KB）（2069）

We gave a new proof of the generalized Craig-Sakamoto theorem, which asserts that two normal matrices A and B satisfy det(I − aA − bB) = det(I − aA)det(I − bB) for all complex numbers a and b if and only if AB = O.

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Pricing warrant bonds under a Markov-modulated jump diffusion process

WANG Wei, ZHAO Qi-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 39-48. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.007

Abstract （1207）

PDF （482KB）（1563）

By the method of measure transformation and no arbitrage pricing theory, the explicit analytical formula of warrant bonds was obtained when the risky asset followed the Markov-modulated jump diffusion process and the market interest rate was stochastic. Moreover, a numerical analysis was provided by the Monte Carlo method, and the value of warrant bonds was compared when the risky asset satisfied different financial models.

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Effect of nonlinear coefficient and edge weight on complex networks

QIAN Ying-Feng, LI Qing-Li, LIU Hong-Ying

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 49-56. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.008

Abstract （1044）

PDF （571KB）（1786）

In this paper, standard SIR model of rumor In this paper, standard SIR model of rumor spreading is used in the weighting complex networks. The tie strength is expressed by the function of edge weight\textit f(ω) in order to simulate the function between relationship and reliant interpersonal. In the practical scene, a node may only be contacted by some of its neighbors, so that the nonlinear rumor spread exponent α of Anurag Singh (2013) is introduced, and the rumor spreading in complex networks is discussed. The effect of \textit f(ω) and α on the rumor threshold is discussed in the paper. It is found that the mean edge weight<ω_kk'together with its function\textit f(ω) and μ are both effect the steady state value of r(t), that is \textitr(∞), which means the rate of people who heard the rumor in the crowd. And the explosion time is also effected by them. In the research, a positive tumor threshold λ_c had not been found when the \textit f(ω) and μ are introduced.

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Level set evolution model with inter-region dissimilarity

CHEN Wen, ZHU Min

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 57-66. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.009

Abstract （1077）

PDF （1102KB）（1543）

Level set method has been widely used in image segmentation. Edge-based active contour model mainly drives the curve to the target boundary by gradient information, but the model based on gradient information makes the segmentation produce over-segmentation. And for the uneven gray image, the processing results are not so satisfactory.\linebreak However, the region-based active contour model controls the curves evolution through regional
information, which will get the segmentation results based on the whole image. For the reasons stated above new regional component is put forward in the Level set, by utilizing the square of mean gray value difference between the background and the target area in energy function, a new improved method for image segmentation is proposed. Compared with the general active contour model, the experimental results show that the active contour model~with the
regional difference information has ideal effect of segmentation,~faster evolution speed and higher efficiency. We can get more satisfactory segmentation results.

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Influence of vacuum annealing on the GMI effect of Co_81.5Fe_4.5Mo₂B₁₂microwires

ZHANG Heng-Guang, LI Xin, RUAN Jian-Zhong, CHEN De-Lu, ZHAO Zhen-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 67-72. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.06.010

Abstract （1294）

PDF （2132KB）（1407）

Co_81.5Fe_4.5Mo₂B₁₂ microwires were prepared by the TaylorUlitovsky method. Influence of the vacuum annealing conditions on Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect and its symmetrical properties were studied. The results show that the GMI ratio increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the annealing temperature. The highest GMI ratio was obtained when the temperature is 250 ℃. The symmetry of the GMI curves of the microwires may be improved after proper annealing. When the annealing temperature is 330 ℃, GMI symmetry of the microwire was deteriorated may be caused by the decrease of the magnetic anisotropy.

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Adaptively determining clustering number of K-means: A case study on the clustering from remotely sensed imagery

YUAN Zhou-Mi-Qi, ZHOU Jian-Hua

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 73-80. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.06.011

Abstract （1483）

PDF （3169KB）（1601）

A new algorithm, named adaptively determining the number of clusters (ADNC), has been proposed. By using ADNC, the optimal clustering number for Kmeans clustering, usually determined by human conjecture or manual try, can now be determined by computer in a self-adaptive way.ADNC typically is an iterative process including the adjustment of clustering number and the assessment of average standard deviation during the iteration. The adjustment will refer the assessment following the principle of gradient descent, namely, to get a better clustering number and to reduce the deviation in the same time. The optimal clustering number most likely locates at the point just before the deviation begins to oscillate. The clustering results will be perfectly reasonable with the clustering number decided by ADNC because the feature heterogeneity in a class will be reduced to the minimum. By the way, the concept of inappropriate clustering number, by using which the deviation may increase to the maximum, has been proposed as a try. It has been revealed by experiment that both the optimal and the inappropriate clustering numbers have practical significance to improve the clustering accuracy.

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Sensitivity analysis of parameters in the numerical storm surge forecast model in the East China Sea

WU Hui-Ming, GAO Qing-Qing

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 81-89. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.06.012

Abstract （1073）

PDF （1938KB）（1849）

Based on two simulated typhoons, the sensitivity analysis was carried out for the numerical storm surge forecast model in the East China Sea with northward typhoon. Using the stormsurge calculations of the Gaoqiao tidal station, the sensitivities of maximum storm surge to typhoon center longitude, latitude, central pressure and the maximum wind radius were studied. The results show that the maximum increase of water is not sensitive to the latitude of the typhoon center, is a little sensitive to typhoon central pressure and maximum wind radius, and is the most sensitive to typhoon center longitude. The time of maximum increase of water is not sensitive to the typhoon central pressure and the maximum wind radius, but is more sensitive to typhoon center longitude and latitude, especially the latitude. Between the two types of simulated typhoon, the time of maximum increase of water is more sensitive to typhoon center latitude and moving speed.

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Ecological characteristics analysis of phytoplankton’s dominant species in summer and autumn in the Dianshan Lake, China

YU Qiu-Jia, WANG Hao-Bin, TAN Yu-Feng, YOU Wen-Hui

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 90-100. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.10005641.2014.06.013

Abstract （1729）

PDF （2110KB）（2112）

In order to understand the ecological characteristics of phytoplankton’s dominant species and their relationships with environmental factors in summer and autumn in Dianshan Lake, a survey was conducted at 13 sampling sites from June to November 2012. The density and dominance and niche breadth were calculated in this study. The phytoplankton dominant species in the Dianshan Lake was composed of 17 species belonging to4 phylum and 12 genera. The density of phytoplankton’s dominant species which appeared every month and the total densityof phytoplankton were analyzed with pearson correlation,and we screened out that Chlorella vulgaris, Chroomonas acuta, Melosira ambigua and Cryptomonas rostrata were the main dominant species.The result of grey relationship analysis suggested that different phytoplankton density varied with the change of environmental factors, and the factors which seriously influenced each species were different in summer and autumn. In summer, transparency was the key factor that influenced the density of Chlorella vulgaris, Melosira ambigua and Cryptomonas rostrata. Dissolve oxygen wasthe key factor that influenced the density of Chroomonas acuta. In autumn, total phosphorus was the key factor that influenced the density of Chlorella vulgaris. Dissolve oxygenwas the key factor that influenced the density of Chroomonas acuta and Cryptomonas rostrata. Total nitrogen was the key factor that influenced the density of Melosira ambigua.

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Changes of the expression of tubulin genes during encystment and excystment of Euplotes encysticus

WANG Xiao-Hui, WU Na, FAN Xin-Peng, GU Fu-Kang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 101-108. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.014

Abstract （1224）

PDF （1737KB）（1812）

The processes of encystment and excystment of the hypotrichous ciliate (Euplotes encysticus), were investigated using interference contrast microscopy and real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). Results showed that the microtubular organelles were always in non-assembly and~assembly functional states; furthermore, the activity of the contractile vacuole during excystment played an important role in reassembly of cortical microtubular organelles and cellular activities, and meanwhile, the expression level of α-、β-和γ-tubulin genes changed relatively. During the dedifferentiation of the cortical microtubular organelles, cells formed the non-kinetosome-resorbing cysts and the expression of α-、β-和γ-tubulin genes showed a downward trend. During the re-differentiation of the cortical microtubular organelles, oral and somatic ciliature formed in order and cells rotated inside the cyst and soon after excysted to vegetative cells, while the gene expression of α-、β-和γ-tubulin showed an increasing tendency. During the whole process, the gene expression quantity from more to less wereβ-、α-和γ-tubulin, and the initial copies of the former two were much more than the latter's. It was revealed that during the processes of encystment and excystment of (Euplotes encysticus) with the differentiation of the cortical microtubule organelles, α-、β-和γ-tubulin gene were always in the different functional states relatively intracellular, as well as the γ-tubulin gene which works as microtubule organizing center.

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Crosslinking of decellularized heart valve by procyanidins in the acidic buffer solution: Compliance, anti-calcification and biological compatibility

WANG Xiao-Ya, MA Xu-Bing, DI Wan-Yin, ZHANG Jia-Min, ZHU Zi-Yan, ZHANG Hong-Feng, CHANG Jiang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 109-120. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.015

Abstract （1351）

PDF （4221KB）（1766）

The aim of this study was to explore whether procyanidins (PC)-crosslinked acellular heart valves in acidic buffer solution can obtain the identical matrix compliance similar to non-crosslinked acellular ones with anti-calcification and good biocompatibility properties. Based on the different pH acidic buffer
solutions of 1 mg/mL PC, the crosslinked acellular valves were crosslinked. The compliance was determined by bending angle measurement, anti-calcification by soaking in simulated body fluid, resistance to enzymatic degradation by collagenase-Ⅱ hydrolysis. Under pH 6.0 condition, PC crosslinked valve (PC1-pH 6.0) group was as soft as its non-crosslinked counterpart. Compared with non-crosslinked group (4.64 MPa), the ultimate tensile strength of
PC1-pH 6.0 group reached up to 5.95 MPa while the elastic modulus maintained the same, showing higher tensile strength than and the same compliance as the decellularized valves. Calcification was completely inhibited after crosslinking at pH 6.0. Under this condition, the PC-crosslinked acellular valves can effectively resistant to proteolysis compatible to glutaraldehyde-crosslinked ones. Furthermore, acellular valves in PC1-pH 6.0 group provided a good substance for adhesion of heart valve interstitial cells and present anti-thrombosis potential. PC-crosslinked acellular valves in the Acidic Buffer Solution (pH 6.0) possess identical matrix compliance with non-crosslinked decellularized valves, potential of anti-calcification, resistance to enzymatic degradation,
anti-thrombosis and good cytocompatibility, which may be used for preparing bioprosthetic heart valves.

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Cryopreservation of spores of Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth

LI Qiu-Ping, JIANG Li-Jia, LU Bei-Bei, LIU Chang, XIAO Tian-Zhong, WU Si-Ping, WANG Jian, ZHU Rui-Liang

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 121-125. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.016

Abstract （1125）

PDF （382KB）（1727）

Drying time and pretreatment temperature were explored to find out the optimum conditions of spores of Haplocladium microphyllum storaged in Liquid nitrogen. Different time (1 d, 15 d, 30 d, 90 d, 180 d) of cryopreservation were studied using the optimum storage conditions and without any treatment. The spore average germination rate and protonema growth were compared before and after cryopreservation. The results showed that (1) After drying 5 h, --20^oC low temperature pretreatment and thawing at room temperature conditions, the spore average germination rate was highest (88.26%), there were no significant difference between the average germination of spores of drying 5 h, 15--18^oCand 20 h, --20^oC low temperature pretreatment; (2) The average germination rate (88.26%) of spores stored in liquid nitrogen for 1 d was comparatively higher than that of the control (77.90%), the average germination rate of spores stored in liquid nitrogen for 30 d dropped to 6.03%, the spore average germination rate stored for 90 d appeared to rise and reaching 88.47%, the
spore average germination rate stored for 180 d remained at 49.46% and the relative retention rate reached 63.49%. The results demonstrated the feasibility of cryopreservation for the long-term storage of spores of Haplocladium microphyllum.

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Ontology construction and mathematical modeling for the LAS engines

XING Wan-Li, WU Yong-He, MA Xiao-Ling

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc 2014, 2014 (6): 126-140. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2014.06.017

Abstract （1238）

PDF （431KB）（2115）

Learning analytics system (LAS) has the potential to pull together diverse resources and services to leverage the best practices for education. As the central component of this system, current LAS engines have been limited in function and vaguely defined as well as poor scalability and extensibility to other
contexts and institutions. This paper first proposed engine ontology, role, source, time and control, to describe and distinct four engine functions: Prediction, Reflection, Recommendation, and Adaptation, in order to establish a common language and practice for LA engines, and in turn improve interoperability between different LA applications. Based on those ontological engines, this study further designed a mechanism of LAS engines and applied mathematical
modeling to explain its decomposition and recombination techniques. This LAS engines is expected to power an open and integrated LAS that is capable of scaling up and extensible to any context.

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