富铁基质人工湿地在低碳氮比废水处理中的应用研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.006

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (1): 66-77.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.006

• 流域生态修复技术创新 • 上一篇下一篇

富铁基质人工湿地在低碳氮比废水处理中的应用研究进展

王静¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 何岩¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,*()

1. 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
2. 崇明生态研究院, 上海　202151
3. 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室, 太原　030009
4. 自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心, 上海　200062

收稿日期:2025-09-08 接受日期:2025-12-15 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
通讯作者: 何岩 E-mail:yhe@des.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金 (42377405); 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室建设期科研计划项目 (SWRFZYLY202412); 山西省创新生态服务支撑专项-创新平台基地建设专项 (SWRFZYLY202501)

Research progress on the application of constructed wetlands with iron-rich substrates for low C/N ratio wastewater treatment

Jing WANG¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Yan HE¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,*()

1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
2. Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai　202151, China
3. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Prevention and Utilization, Taiyuan　030009, China
4. Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-Restoration in Metropolitan Area (Ministry of Natural Resources), Shanghai　200062, China

Received:2025-09-08 Accepted:2025-12-15 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
Contact: Yan HE E-mail:yhe@des.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人工湿地通常作为污水厂尾水排入自然水体前的最后一道屏障, 其如何有效处理“碳源缺乏、高营养负荷”的尾水是亟需解决的瓶颈问题. 富铁基质因具有强吸附性、氧化还原性、生物亲和性的独特优势可为上述问题的有效解决提供新思路. 本文评述了富铁基质在人工湿地中的研究方向与热点, 并基于尾水湿地着重探讨了不同类型富铁基质对低碳氮比废水的净化效果, 同时揭示了富铁基质驱动微生物耦合铁-氮循环脱氮, 协同表面吸附、化学沉淀、配体交换和共沉淀除磷的增效机制. 并针对富铁基质人工湿地长期运行后可能出现的铁钝化与堵塞、铁死亡、反硝化副产物积累等问题, 从材料研发、系统优化、机理探究等方面对未来研究给予建议, 以期为提高污水厂尾水人工湿地净化效率及长期稳定运行提供有力支持.

关键词: 富铁基质, 尾水湿地, 铁循环, 铁膜

Abstract:

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are commonly used as the final treatment stage before discharging effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) into natural waters. However, effectively treating carbon-limited but nutrient-enriched effluents remains challenging. Iron-rich substrates offer a promising solution because of their high adsorption capacities, redox activity, and biological affinity. In this study, we review the research directions and hotspots related to the application of iron-rich substrates in CWs, with an emphasis on their performance under low C/N ratio wastewater conditions. We also elucidate the synergistic mechanisms by which iron-rich substrates (i) stimulate microbial coupling of iron and nitrogen cycles for nitrogen removal and (ii) integrate surface adsorption, precipitation, ligand exchange, and co-precipitation for phosphorus removal. Considering the potential issues that may arise during the long-term operation of iron-rich CWs, such as iron passivation, clogging, microbial iron toxicity, and accumulation of denitrification byproducts, this study proposes recommendations for future research in terms of material development, system optimization, and mechanism exploration. These suggestions aim to provide strong support for improving purification efficiency and ensuring the long-term stable operation of CWs treating effluents from WWTPs.

Key words: iron-rich substrate, constructed wetland for effluent treatment, iron cycle, iron plaque

中图分类号:

王静, 何岩. 富铁基质人工湿地在低碳氮比废水处理中的应用研究进展[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(1): 66-77.

Jing WANG, Yan HE. Research progress on the application of constructed wetlands with iron-rich substrates for low C/N ratio wastewater treatment[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(1): 66-77.

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类型	特点	富铁基质	湿地类型	HRT/d	进水水质/(mg/L)	C/N	去除率/%	成本/ (元/kg NO₃^–-N)	文献
单质铁	活性高还原性强易钝化易发生铵的累积	纳米零价铁	垂直潜流人工湿地	2	TN: 25.0±0.9 NH₄⁺: 5.0±0.2 NO₃^–: 20.0±0.6	1.6	TN: 69.92±0.56 NH₄⁺: 86.56±0.93 NO₃^–: 66.42±1.33	900~1800	[11]
		海绵铁	垂直潜流人工湿地	2	TN: 15.23±1.05 NH₄⁺: 5.61±0.55 NO₃^–: 10.72±0.66 TP: 0.54±0.06	1.3	TN: 93.37 NH₄⁺: 84.31 NO₃^–: 67.07 TP: 22.22	35~45	[12]
		铁屑	垂直潜流人工湿地	1	TN: 19.92±0.36 NH₄⁺: 7.88±0.19 NO₃^–: 12.01±0.12 TP: 1.03±0.01	1.19	TN: 71.56 NH₄⁺: 43.73 NO₃^–: 86.77 TP: 93.54±6.64	15~25	[13]
Fe(Ⅱ)/ Fe(Ⅲ) 矿物	成本低廉生物亲和性较高化学性质稳定反应速率较慢	黄铁矿	垂直潜流人工湿地	3	NO₃^–: 22.09±0.56 TP: 1.05±0.04	3	TN: 67.82±0.97 TP: 83.62±4.77	8.6~12.5	[14]
		赤铁矿	垂直潜流人工湿地	2	NH₄⁺: 35 TP: 5	0	NH₄⁺: 73.43 TP: >90		[15]
		磁黄铁矿	水平潜流人工湿地	1.5	TN: 23.60±7.12 NH₄⁺: 6.61±4.04 NO₃^–: 11.85±5.35 TP: 4.88±0.88	约1	TN: 60.40±5.60 NH₄⁺: 66.02±13.82 NO₃^–: 63.22±12.12 TP: 88.20±5.10		[16]
		菱铁矿-硫	垂直潜流人工湿地	2	TN: 39.91±1.02 TP: 37.20	1.45	TN: 91.6±2.2 TP: 96.3±1.2		[17]
铁碳复合材料	活性高且持久延缓钝化降低温室气体排放成本高	铁屑+ 生物炭	水平潜流人工湿地	2	NH₄⁺: 4.05±0.18 NO₂^–: 0.06±0.02 NO₃^–: 10.15±0.36 TP: 0.43±0.03	0	TN: 52.08±2.54 NH₄⁺: >95 TP: >76	337.5~675.0	[1]
		黄铁矿+ 活性炭	垂直潜流人工湿地	7	TN: 15 NH₄⁺: 5 NO₃^–: 10 TP: 1	0.5	NO₃^-: 92.55 NH₄⁺: 78.00 TN: 87.59		[18]
		铁改性生物炭	垂直潜流人工湿地	2	TN: 20.74±1.82 NH₄⁺: 9.38±0.42 NO₃^–: 10.68±1.06 TP: 1.01±0.12	2.96	TN: 83.51 NH₄⁺: 98.23 NO₃^–: 80.88 TP: 86.55		[19]

种类	优势菌门	富铁基质类型	优势菌属	功能	文献
铁氧化菌	变形菌门	铁碳复合材料	食酸菌属 (Acidovorax)	驱动NDFO脱氮	[1]
		黄铁矿铁碳复合材料铁屑磁黄铁矿纳米零价铁	硫杆菌属 (Thiobacillus)	还原NO₃⁻	[4] [18] [24] [50] [51]
		铁碳复合材料铁屑	脱氯单胞菌属 (Dechloromonas)	驱动硝酸盐还原亚铁氧化脱氮吸收磷	[18] [24]
		磁黄铁矿	磁螺菌属 (Magnetospirillum)	驱动硝酸盐还原亚铁氧化脱氮	[50]
		纳米零价铁黄铁矿	陶厄氏菌属 (Thauera)	还原NO₂⁻或NO生成N₂	[51] [52]
		黄铁矿	罗河杆菌属 (Rhodanobacter)	驱动硝酸盐还原亚铁氧化脱氮	[52]
铁还原菌	变形菌门	铁碳复合材料	希瓦氏菌属 (Shewanella)	驱动反硝化和DNRA脱氮	[1]
		铁碳复合材料黄铁矿铁屑	地杆菌属 (Geobacter)	参与Feammox 脱氮	[1] [4,53] [24]
		黄铁矿铁屑	厌氧粘杆菌属 (Anaeromyxobacter)	驱动DNRA脱氮	[4] [24]

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富铁基质人工湿地在低碳氮比废水处理中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of constructed wetlands with iron-rich substrates for low C/N ratio wastewater treatment

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