Evaluation of ecosystem health during ecological restoration of the shallow lakes along the shores of Taihu Lake

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.01.003

Abstract

Abstract:

To judge ecosystem health of the shallow lakes along the shores of Taihu Lake in the process of ecological restoration, water body of Jinshugang polder was investigated during 2022. The comprehensive assessment index system of water ecological health was constructed, consisting of the target layer, criterion layer, and index layer, of which the criterion layer was composed of three items: function, integrity, and stability. The index layer was composed of 14 major items such as comprehensive water quality and nutritional status and 28 small items such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that during the process of ecological restoration, functional evaluation index reached the highest in autumn, integrity evaluation index was better than that in spring and summer, stability evaluation index was the best in summer, with 70% of the points at the “healthy” level, and the comprehensive evaluation index of aquatic ecological health continued to increase. The results and system of comprehensive evaluation of water ecological health formulated for shallow lakes in Taihu Lake are not only important for subsequent restoration and management, but also provide a reference for water ecological restoration and evaluation of other lakes.

Key words: Taihu Lake Basin, ecological restoration, aquatic ecosystems, health evaluation system

CLC Number:

X824

Yong ZHANG, Can LI, Hualin ZHANG, Yu ZHAN, Hui WANG, Yifan XIAO, Lili YANG, Jiaqi LIU, Zhenglong KUAI. Evaluation of ecosystem health during ecological restoration of the shallow lakes along the shores of Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(1): 17-28.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Calculation method and basis of the comprehensive evaluation index layer of aquatic ecosystem health"

指标层	计算方法	设定依据
综合水质(WQI) (C1)	${\rm{WQI} } = \frac{ {\sum\limits_{ { {i} } = 1}^{ {n} } { {C_{ {i} } }P_{ {i} } } } }{ {\sum\limits_{ { {i} } = 1}^{ {n} } { {P_{ {i} } } } } }$ (1)	在河流湖泊等水体水质评价应用广泛, 是整体有效的评估方法^[28-29], 综合水质为百分制可直接纳入计算
营养状态(TLI) (C2)	${\rm{TLI} }={\displaystyle \sum _{ {j}=1}^{ {m} }{W}_{ {j} } }\times {\rm{TLI} } ({j})$ (2)	水体富营养化常用的评价方法^[30]
底泥综合污染 (C3)	S_i=C_i/C_s (3) ${\rm{FF} } = \sqrt {\frac{ { {F^2} + {F_{\text{max} }^2} } }{ {\text{2} } } }$ (4)	底泥中N、P营养盐是常见的污染物^[31]
底泥有机污染 (C4)	OI = OC × ON (5) ON = C_TN × 0.95 (6) OC = C_OM /1.724 (7)	结合有机质使底泥污染评价结果更完善^[24]
生物量产出 (C5)	T_C = S_W (34.52 Chl.a + 222.9) (8)	采用调查的叶绿素现存量估计浮游植物初级生产力^[32]
社会服务 (C6)	W_S = S_{W `}d · n (9)	评估圩区内供水能力^[33]
浮游植物完整性 (C7)	总分类单元数得分 + 细胞密度得分 + 前三优势种细胞优势度得分	以生物结构完整性指数为基础, 参考相关文献资料, 并结合圩区生态修复过程中水生态环境现状^[7-10,34]
浮游动物完整性 (C8)	总分类单元数得分 + 细胞密度得分 + 前三优势种细胞优势度得分
底栖动物完整性 (C9)	软体动物单元数得分 + 第一位优势种得分 + BMWP指数得分
水生植物完整性 (C10)	总分类单元数得分 + 生物量得分 + 盖度得分
浮游植物稳定性 (C11)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Margalef丰富度指数得分 + Pielou均匀度指数得分	以生物稳定指数为基础, 并结合使用性选择生物指数的计算^[35-37]
浮游动物稳定性 (C12)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Margalef丰富度指数得分 + Pielou均匀度指数得分
底栖动物稳定性 (C13)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Pielou均匀度指数得分
水生植物稳定性 (C14)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Margalef丰富度指数得分

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

References 38

1	秦伯强.. 浅水湖泊湖沼学与太湖富营养化控制研究. 湖泊科学, 2020, 32 (5): 1229- 1243.
2	WANG Y G, GUO Y Q, ZHAO Y X, et al.. Spatiotemporal heterogeneities and driving factors of water quality and trophic state of a typical urban shallow lake (Taihu, China).. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2022, 29 (35): 53831- 53843.
3	CHEN X, WANG Y H, CAI Z C, et al.. Effects of land-use and land-cover change on nitrogen transport in Northern Taihu Basin, China during 1990–2017. Sustainability, 2020, 12 (9): 3895.
4	徐红玲, 潘继征, 徐力刚, 等.. 太湖流域湖荡湿地生态系统健康评价. 湖泊科学, 2019, 31 (5): 1279- 1288.
5	KARR J R.. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities. Fisheries, 1981, 6 (6): 21- 27.
6	卢志娟, 裴洪平, 汪勇.. 西湖生态系统健康评价初探. 湖泊科学, 2008, (6): 802- 805.
7	LIN L, WANG F F, CHEN H, et al.. Ecological health assessments of rivers with multiple dams based on the biological integrity of phytoplankton: A case study of North Creek of Jiulong River. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 121, 106998.
8	ZHANG H Y, DUAN Z D, WANG Z Y, et al.. Freshwater lake ecosystem health assessment and its response to pollution stresses based on planktonic index of biotic integrity. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2019, 26 (34): 35240- 35252.
9	WU J Y, HE Y J, ZHAO Y J, et al.. A simple index of lake ecosystem health based on species-area models of macrobenthos. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19 (15): 9678.
10	李锋民, 陈琳, 姜晓华, 等.. 水质净化与生态修复的水生植物优选指标体系构建. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30 (12): 2411- 2422.
11	李春华, 叶春, 赵晓峰, 等.. 太湖湖滨带生态系统健康评价. 生态学报, 2012, 32 (12): 3806- 3815.
12	HUANG X Y, XU J, LIU B, et al.. Assessment of aquatic ecosystem health with indices of biotic integrity (IBIs) in the Ganjiang River system, China. Water, 2022, 14 (3): 278.
13	PADUA SHELTON, KRIPA V, PREMA D, et al. Assessment of ecosystem health of a micro-level Ramsar coastal zone in the Vembanad Lake, Kerala, India [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2022, 195(1).
14	ZHANG Y H, ZHU H Y, LI B, et al.. Aquatic ecosystem health assessment of Poyang Lake through extension evaluation method. Water, 2021, 13 (2): 211.
15	US EPA. National rivers and streams assessment 2018/19: Field operations manual wadeable: EPA-841-B-17-003a [S]. Washington DC: Office of Water, 2018.
16	GRIFFITHS M. 欧盟水框架指令手册 [M]. 高兴洪, 译. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2008.
17	LEE S W, HWANG S J, LEE J K, et al.. Overview and application of the national aquatic ecological monitoring program (NAEMP) in Korea. Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 2011, 47, S3- S14.
18	中国水利部. 河湖健康评估技术导则: SL/T 793—2020 [S/OL]. (2020-06-05)[2023-04-05]. https://www.nssi.org.cn/nssi/front/111846850.html.
19	金相灿, 屠清瑛. 湖泊富营养化调查规范 [M]. 2版. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1990: 301.
20	叶润, 刘芳竹, 刘剑, 等.. 微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定大米中铜、锰、铁、锌、钙、镁、钾、钠 8 种元素. 食品科学, 2014, 35 (6): 117- 120.
21	陈元, 赵洋甬, 潘双叶, 等.. PHYTO-PAM对浮游植物中叶绿素的分类测定. 现代科学仪器, 2009, (4): 100- 103.
22	ZHU H, LIU X G, CHENG S P.. Phytoplankton community structure and water quality assessment in an ecological restoration area of Baiyangdian Lake, China. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2021, 18, 1529- 1536.
23	STAMOU G, MAZARIS A D, MOUSTAKA-GOUNI M, et al.. Introducing a zooplanktonic index for assessing water quality of natural lakes in the Mediterranean region. Ecological Informatics, 2022, 69, 101616.
24	王佩, 卢少勇, 王殿武, 等.. 太湖湖滨带底泥氮、磷、有机质分布与污染评价. 中国环境科学, 2012, 32 (4): 703- 709.
25	赵永晶, 王洪铸, 崔永德.. 巢湖沿岸带底栖动物群落结构及其环境质量评价. 海洋与湖沼, 2020, 51 (3): 520- 527.
26	张群, 刘家霖, 朱义, 等.. 城市中小河道沉水植物盖度和生物量计算方法——基于上海市的调查分析. 湖泊科学, 2022, 34 (2): 445- 454.
27	张型东. 鄱阳湖生态系统空间结构与湿地功能分析及稳定性评价 [D]. 南昌: 南昌大学, 2016.
28	WANG J L, FU Z S, QIAO H X, et al.. Assessment of eutrophication and water quality in the estuarine area of Lake Wuli, Lake Taihu, China. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 650, 1392- 1402.
29	WU T, WANG S R, SU B L, et al.. Understanding the water quality change of the Yilong Lake based on comprehensive assessment methods. Ecological Indicators, 2021, 126, 107714.
30	邹伟, 朱广伟, 蔡永久, 等.. 综合营养状态指数(TLI)在夏季长江中下游湖库评价中的局限及改进意见. 湖泊科学, 2020, 32 (1): 36- 47.
31	史静, 于秀芳, 夏运生, 等.. 影响富营养化湖泊底泥氮、磷释放的因素. 水土保持通报, 2016, 36 (3): 241- 244.
32	ZHAO Q J, WANG Q Y.. Water ecosystem service quality evaluation and value assessment of Taihu Lake in China. Water, 2021, 13 (5): 618.
33	闫人华, 高俊峰, 黄琪, 等.. 太湖流域圩区水生态系统服务功能价值. 生态学报, 2015, 35 (15): 5197- 5206.
34	吕学研, 陈桥, 蔡琨, 等.. 江苏太湖流域水生态环境功能区质量评价方法. 环境科学与技术, 2020, 43 (12): 202- 210.
35	崔丹, 李莹, 陈体达, 等.. 上海市鲁迅公园浮游植物群落结构分析及评价. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, (3): 27- 38.
36	胡朋成. 太阳山湿地生态系统稳定性研究 [D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2022.
37	袁静文, 武辰, 杜博, 等.. 高分五号高光谱遥感影像的城市土地利用景观格局分析. 遥感学报, 2020, 24 (4): 465- 478.
38	张雯, 黄民生, 张廷辉, 等. 太湖湖滨带生态系统健康评价及其修复模式探讨 [J]. 水生态学杂志, 2020, 41(4): 48-54.

目标层	准则层	权重	指标层	权重	指标选择	对干扰增加的反应
水生态健康综合指数(A)	功能性评价指数(B1)	0.60	综合水质(WQI)(C1)	0.26	pH、WT、DO、Tur、TP、 ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P、TN、${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N、 COD_Mn、EC、${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N、 ${\rm{NO}}_2^- $-N、${\rm{Ca}}^{2+} $、${\rm{Mg}}^{2+} $(D1)
			营养状态(TLI)(C2)	0.29	Chl.a、TP、TN、SD、COD_Mn(D2)	上升
			底泥综合污染(C3)	0.19	底泥TN、STP(D3)	上升
			底泥有机污染(C4)	0.19	底泥TN、OM(D4)	上升
			生物量产出(C5)	0.04	Chl.a(D5)	下降
			社会服务(C6)	0.04	水源供给(D6)	下降
	完整性评价指数(B2)	0.27	浮游植物完整性(C7)	0.33	总分类单元数(D7)	下降	下降
					细胞密度(D8)	上升
					前三优势种细胞优势度(D9)	上升
			浮游动物完整性(C8)	0.33	总分类单元数(D10)	下降	下降
					细胞密度(D11)	上升
					前三优势种细胞优势度(D12)	上升
			底栖动物完整性(C9)	0.17	软体动物单元数(D13)	下降	下降
					第一位优势种(D14)	上升
					BMWP指数(D15)	下降
			水生植物完整性(C10)	0.17	总分类单元数(D16)	下降
					生物量(D17)
					盖度(D18)
	稳定性评价指数(B3)	0.13	浮游植物稳定性(C11)	0.23	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D19)	下降
					Margalef丰富度指数(D)(D20)
					Pielou均匀度指数(J)(D21)
			浮游动物稳定性(C12)	0.23	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D22)	下降
					Margalef丰富度指数(D)(D23)
					Pielou均匀度指数(J)(D24)
			底栖动物稳定性(C13)	0.15	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D25)	下降
			底栖动物稳定性(C13)	0.15	Pielou均匀度指数(J)(D26)	下降
			水生植物稳定性(C14)	0.38	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D27)	下降
			水生植物稳定性(C14)	0.38	Margalef丰富度指数(D)(D28)	下降

生态系统分级	生态系统健康综合指数	健康状态
Ⅰ	(80, 100]	健康
Ⅱ	(60, 80]	亚健康
Ⅲ	(40, 60]	一般
Ⅳ	(20, 40]	疾病
Ⅴ	(0, 20]	严重疾病

[1]	Kun HE, Ziyu ZHANG, Annan SONG, Qifan SHEN, Jiayi WANG, Xuechu CHEN. Impact of coastal ecological restoration project on bird diversity and community dynamics [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2023, 2023(3): 158-166.
[2]	Xueyan YIN, Guanghan YAN, Xing WANG. Research on the integration and application of aquatic vegetation restoration technology in the lakeshore zone of Taihu Lake [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 26-38.
[3]	Yang ZHA, Difang WANG, Chengjin CAO, Minsheng HUANG, Xing WANG, Bowen YU, Chang LIU, Haochen DU, Mengzhuo LI. Investigation of the environmental status of water at the Dalian Lake demonstration area in the Jinze water source area of Taipu River [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 64-71.
[4]	Chang LIU, Bowen YU, Chengjin CAO, Minsheng HUANG, Xing WANG, Difang WANG, Yang ZHA, Mengzhuo LI, Haochen DU. Coastal structure and environmental resources of the Jinze water source area of Taipu River [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(4): 72-80.
[5]	LUO Zukui, LI Yang, XU Xi, QU Mingzhi, MA Jin, SUN Wen, HUANG Shuxin, TONG Huilin. Ecological restoration effect of paddy fields after rice planting pattern transformation in the rural wetlands of Chenhaiwei, Jiangsu Province [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(4): 164-172.
[6]	XU Huan;ZHANG Yong;HUANG Min-sheng;LUO Jin-hong;HE Yan . Study on the effect of SFTWs for phosphorus removal from malodorous water [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2011, 2011(1): 119-125.
[7]	SONG Yaobin;ZHANG Qiping;DA Liangjun;. Experimental ecology research on destroyed evergreen broad leaved forests in TNFP, Zhejiang (Ⅳ): Contribution of seed bank to early restoration of destroyed evergreen broad leaved forests [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2010, 2010(3): 1-9.
[8]	DA Liang-jun;SONG Kun. Experimental ecology research on destroyed evergreen broad-leaved forests in TNFP, Zhejiang(I): Ecological restoration experiments and long-term ecological study(Chinese) [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2008, 2008(4): 1-11.