Study on the spatial pattern of Shanghai crime based upon GIS

Abstract

Abstract: After discussing the advantages of using GIS in urban crime research and reviewing the research status based on GIS in home and abroad, this paper studied then the spatial pattern of Shanghai crimes (robbery, racketeering, theft and fraud) by applying ArcGIS, based on crime data of 2006 from Shanghai Public Security Bureau. The research shows there is an obvious concentration characteristics of the crime events within the outer ring road of Shanghai, especially in the central urban space, and there is a significant time pattern of Shanghai crimes, with the “hot spot” in the People’s Square. The result can be used as a useful support or basis for policy makers and the police departments for active crime attacks and preventions.

Key words: crime, GIS, Shanghai, spatial pattern

CLC Number:

Q948

ZHONG Hai-dong， WU Jian-ping， YU Bai-lang， WANG Zhan-hong. Study on the spatial pattern of Shanghai crime based upon GIS[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2013, 2013(2): 30-37, 55.

References

［1］ ACKERMAN W V, MURRAY A T. Assessing spatial patterns of crime in Lima, Ohio［J］. Cities, 2004, 21(5): 423-437.

［2］毛媛媛,戴慎志. 犯罪空间分布与环境特征——以上海为例［J］.城市规划学刊, 2006(3):85-93.

［3］上海市公安局. 上海市公安年鉴［M］.上海: 上海市公安局, 2003.

［4］ LONGLEY P A, GOODCHILD M F, MAGUIRE D J, et al. Geographic Information Systems and Science［M］. ［S.L.］: Wiley, 2005.

［5］ BOBA R. Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping［M］. London: Sage Publications, 2005.

［6］王发曾. 城市犯罪成因的综合观［J］. 河南大学学报:自然科学版, 1997, 27(1): 39-46.

［7］王发曾. 城市犯罪中的非公共空间盲区及其综合治理［J］. 人文地理, 2003, 17(4): 1-5.

［8］王发曾. 城市犯罪中的公共空间盲区及其综合治理［J］. 人文地理, 2003, 18(3): 8-12.

［9］王发曾. 城市犯罪中的边际空间盲区及其综合治理［J］. 人文地理, 2003, 19(1): 9-13.

［10］王发曾. 城市发展与城市犯罪问题［J］. Social science research, 2003(2):96-100.

［11］翁里, 潘建珍. 城市规划与防控犯罪之理论初探［J］. 中国人民公安大学学报, 2003, 102(2): 135-140.

［12］杜德斌, 汤建中. 城市犯罪区位选择的数学模拟［J］. 地理研究, 1995, 14(3): 26-32.

［13］杜德斌. 国外有关城市犯罪出行问题的研究［J］. 城市问题, 1998, 81(1): 57-60.

［14］陈峰云. 城市边缘区犯罪问题的环境影响［J］. 城市问题, 2003, 112(2): 45-47.

［15］ MAZEROLLE, WICKES, MCBROOM. Community variations in violence: The role of social ties and collective efficacy in comparative context［J］. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2010, 47(1): 3-30.

［16］ MALLESON, HEPPENSTALL, SEE. Crime reduction through simulation: An agent-based model of burglary［J］. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 2010, 34(3): 236-250.

［17］ MARTIN, ROSSMO, HAMMERSCHLAG. Hunting patterns and geographic profiling of white shark predation［J］. Journal of Zoology, 2009, 279(2): 111-118. 

［18］ LUM C. The geography of drug activity and violence: Analyzing spatial relationships of non-homogenous crime event types［J］. Substance Use & Misuse, 2008, 43(2): 179-201.

［19］ VAN SCHAAIK J G J, VAN DER KEMP J J. Real Crimes on Virtual Maps: The Application of Geography and GIS in Criminology［G］∥HENK J, SCHOLTEN R V D V A N V M. Geospatial Technology and the Role of Location in Science. Springer Netherlands, 2009: 217-237.

［20］上海市统计局.上海统计年鉴［M］. 北京：中国统计出版社, 2007.
［21］ NAKAYA YANO. Visualising crime clusters in a space-time cube: An exploratory data-analysis approach using space-time kernel density estimation and scan statistics［J］. Transactions in GIS, 2010, 14(3): 223-239. 

［22］ LEONG K, LI J C, CHAN S, et al. An application of the dynamic pattern analysis framework to the analysis of spatial-temporal crime relationships［J］. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2009, 15(9): 1852-1870.

［23］ PHILLIPS LEE. Crime analysis through spatial areal aggregated density patterns［J］. GeoInformatica, 2011, 15(1): 49-74. 

［24］ MELISSARIS. Property offences as crimes of injustice［J］. Criminal Law and Philosophy, 2012, 6(2): 149-166.

［25］ HOLST, STERN. Geometric variational crimes: Hilbert complexes, finite element exterior calculus, and problems on hypersurfaces［J］. Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 2012, 12(3): 263-293.

[1]	Ruihe JIN, Yuyun YANG, Yan WU, Jing YANG, Min LIU. Regional-specific distribution of organophosphate esters in road dust from multiple land types [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(6): 62-73.
[2]	Ruiping SHI, Bicheng LI, Chunqing Wen, Yunfei ZHANG, Qianqian WU, Xiangkun QIN. Arrangement and analysis of type specimens of the Shanghai Natural History Museum Herbarium [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(4): 82-99.
[3]	Qianwen TANG, Qingyun LI, Tao LIU, Dan CHEN. Analysis on perennial herbs in the rural plant landscape of Shanghai [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2023, 2023(3): 53-63.
[4]	Tao ZOU, Rongtao QIAN, Jiali MAO. Indexing and query technology for steel logistic data [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(5): 195-207.
[5]	Jiahao LI, Bo TIAN, Fang CAO, Yuekai HU, Yuanqiang DUAN, Zehao XIE, Ya PENG, Wenhao JIANG, Huifang FAN. Remote sensing inversion and time-series analysis of critical parameters for eutrophication assessment of urban waters in Shanghai [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(1): 135-147.
[6]	Tianyan WU, Qingtao XIA, Zhen CHEN. Spatial accessibility of elderly healthcare facilities based on an improved potential model: A case study on Fengxian District in Shanghai [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(1): 85-96.
[7]	Yang XU, Hongying LIU, Quanjie ZHUANG. Research on large-field microscopic images based on the best stitching path [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(6): 81-87.
[8]	Xiaoling WANG, Kun SONG, Ying LE, Jing CHEN, Hao JIANG, Yongjia ZHANG, Heyi GONG, Zifei WANG, Yi DING, Tianhui SHI, Liangjun DA. Relationship between air pollution purification and forest belt width of the Shanghai green belt in the summer season [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(3): 128-137.
[9]	Tianbi LIU, Rui FENG. An algorithm for precise image registration based on priori mark features [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(3): 65-77.
[10]	Lu LI, Xiaotao DU. The distribution of peak wind speeds induced by typhoons along the coasts of the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 1-11.
[11]	Saw Nu Sanda THEIN, Hualong YANG. Deep Sea Port development in Myanmar [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(S1): 99-103.
[12]	WANG Huaxiang, CHU Xiaoye, CHEN Ying, XU Lu, YANG Kai. A study on temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of dissolved oxygen in surface water of megacities [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(6): 154-163.
[13]	ZHANG Xuan-yi, SHI Run-he. The impact of urban service facilities on house price dispersion [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2019, 2019(6): 169-178.
[14]	WU Zhen, CHEN Rui-shan. A comparative analysis of the Ocean Health Index and the Pressure-State-Response evaluation methods for Shanghai's ocean ecosystem health [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2019, 2019(4): 174-187.
[15]	CHENG Rui-hui, FAN Qun-jie, WANG Yu-kun, LIU Yao-yi, CHE Yue. A discussion on river network vulnerability in Shanghai based on the PSR model [J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2019, 2019(3): 144-154.