Evaluation of ecosystem health during ecological restoration of the shallow lakes along the shores of Taihu Lake

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.01.003

Abstract

Abstract:

To judge ecosystem health of the shallow lakes along the shores of Taihu Lake in the process of ecological restoration, water body of Jinshugang polder was investigated during 2022. The comprehensive assessment index system of water ecological health was constructed, consisting of the target layer, criterion layer, and index layer, of which the criterion layer was composed of three items: function, integrity, and stability. The index layer was composed of 14 major items such as comprehensive water quality and nutritional status and 28 small items such as pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. The results showed that during the process of ecological restoration, functional evaluation index reached the highest in autumn, integrity evaluation index was better than that in spring and summer, stability evaluation index was the best in summer, with 70% of the points at the “healthy” level, and the comprehensive evaluation index of aquatic ecological health continued to increase. The results and system of comprehensive evaluation of water ecological health formulated for shallow lakes in Taihu Lake are not only important for subsequent restoration and management, but also provide a reference for water ecological restoration and evaluation of other lakes.

Key words: Taihu Lake Basin, ecological restoration, aquatic ecosystems, health evaluation system

CLC Number:

X824

Yong ZHANG, Can LI, Hualin ZHANG, Yu ZHAN, Hui WANG, Yifan XIAO, Lili YANG, Jiaqi LIU, Zhenglong KUAI. Evaluation of ecosystem health during ecological restoration of the shallow lakes along the shores of Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(1): 17-28.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Calculation method and basis of the comprehensive evaluation index layer of aquatic ecosystem health"

指标层	计算方法	设定依据
综合水质(WQI) (C1)	${\rm{WQI} } = \frac{ {\sum\limits_{ { {i} } = 1}^{ {n} } { {C_{ {i} } }P_{ {i} } } } }{ {\sum\limits_{ { {i} } = 1}^{ {n} } { {P_{ {i} } } } } }$ (1)	在河流湖泊等水体水质评价应用广泛, 是整体有效的评估方法^[28-29], 综合水质为百分制可直接纳入计算
营养状态(TLI) (C2)	${\rm{TLI} }={\displaystyle \sum _{ {j}=1}^{ {m} }{W}_{ {j} } }\times {\rm{TLI} } ({j})$ (2)	水体富营养化常用的评价方法^[30]
底泥综合污染 (C3)	S_i=C_i/C_s (3) ${\rm{FF} } = \sqrt {\frac{ { {F^2} + {F_{\text{max} }^2} } }{ {\text{2} } } }$ (4)	底泥中N、P营养盐是常见的污染物^[31]
底泥有机污染 (C4)	OI = OC × ON (5) ON = C_TN × 0.95 (6) OC = C_OM /1.724 (7)	结合有机质使底泥污染评价结果更完善^[24]
生物量产出 (C5)	T_C = S_W (34.52 Chl.a + 222.9) (8)	采用调查的叶绿素现存量估计浮游植物初级生产力^[32]
社会服务 (C6)	W_S = S_{W `}d · n (9)	评估圩区内供水能力^[33]
浮游植物完整性 (C7)	总分类单元数得分 + 细胞密度得分 + 前三优势种细胞优势度得分	以生物结构完整性指数为基础, 参考相关文献资料, 并结合圩区生态修复过程中水生态环境现状^[7-10,34]
浮游动物完整性 (C8)	总分类单元数得分 + 细胞密度得分 + 前三优势种细胞优势度得分
底栖动物完整性 (C9)	软体动物单元数得分 + 第一位优势种得分 + BMWP指数得分
水生植物完整性 (C10)	总分类单元数得分 + 生物量得分 + 盖度得分
浮游植物稳定性 (C11)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Margalef丰富度指数得分 + Pielou均匀度指数得分	以生物稳定指数为基础, 并结合使用性选择生物指数的计算^[35-37]
浮游动物稳定性 (C12)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Margalef丰富度指数得分 + Pielou均匀度指数得分
底栖动物稳定性 (C13)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Pielou均匀度指数得分
水生植物稳定性 (C14)	Shannon多样性指数得分 + Margalef丰富度指数得分

Table 2

Table 3

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目标层	准则层	权重	指标层	权重	指标选择	对干扰增加的反应
水生态健康综合指数(A)	功能性评价指数(B1)	0.60	综合水质(WQI)(C1)	0.26	pH、WT、DO、Tur、TP、 ${\rm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P、TN、${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N、 COD_Mn、EC、${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N、 ${\rm{NO}}_2^- $-N、${\rm{Ca}}^{2+} $、${\rm{Mg}}^{2+} $(D1)
			营养状态(TLI)(C2)	0.29	Chl.a、TP、TN、SD、COD_Mn(D2)	上升
			底泥综合污染(C3)	0.19	底泥TN、STP(D3)	上升
			底泥有机污染(C4)	0.19	底泥TN、OM(D4)	上升
			生物量产出(C5)	0.04	Chl.a(D5)	下降
			社会服务(C6)	0.04	水源供给(D6)	下降
	完整性评价指数(B2)	0.27	浮游植物完整性(C7)	0.33	总分类单元数(D7)	下降	下降
					细胞密度(D8)	上升
					前三优势种细胞优势度(D9)	上升
			浮游动物完整性(C8)	0.33	总分类单元数(D10)	下降	下降
					细胞密度(D11)	上升
					前三优势种细胞优势度(D12)	上升
			底栖动物完整性(C9)	0.17	软体动物单元数(D13)	下降	下降
					第一位优势种(D14)	上升
					BMWP指数(D15)	下降
			水生植物完整性(C10)	0.17	总分类单元数(D16)	下降
					生物量(D17)
					盖度(D18)
	稳定性评价指数(B3)	0.13	浮游植物稳定性(C11)	0.23	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D19)	下降
					Margalef丰富度指数(D)(D20)
					Pielou均匀度指数(J)(D21)
			浮游动物稳定性(C12)	0.23	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D22)	下降
					Margalef丰富度指数(D)(D23)
					Pielou均匀度指数(J)(D24)
			底栖动物稳定性(C13)	0.15	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D25)	下降
			底栖动物稳定性(C13)	0.15	Pielou均匀度指数(J)(D26)	下降
			水生植物稳定性(C14)	0.38	Shannon多样性指数(H')(D27)	下降
			水生植物稳定性(C14)	0.38	Margalef丰富度指数(D)(D28)	下降

生态系统分级	生态系统健康综合指数	健康状态
Ⅰ	(80, 100]	健康
Ⅱ	(60, 80]	亚健康
Ⅲ	(40, 60]	一般
Ⅳ	(20, 40]	疾病
Ⅴ	(0, 20]	严重疾病

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