Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters of Taiyuan City

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the distribution characteristics and ecological risks of microplastics in landscape waters in Taiyuan City, surface water samples were collected from six park waters during the wet season (August) and dry season (November). The abundance, morphology, and polymer composition of microplastics were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and correlation analysis and ecological risk assessment were performed based on certain water quality parameters. The microplastic abundance in the dry season ((17.79±8.41) items/L) was found to be higher than that in the wet season ((7.75±4.30) items/L). The landscape water body in Binhe Country Park, located near the effluent outlet of a wastewater treatment plant, exhibited significantly higher microplastic abundance than other areas. The morphological characteristics were dominated by fibrous (79.35%~88.62%), blue (60.69%~78.64%), and small (0.02~2 mm, 84.80%~91.10%) particles. The primary polymer components were rayon (RY), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), indicating that domestic sewage and textile fiber migration were the primary sources of pollution. The distribution of microplastics was jointly influenced by hydrological conditions and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The abundance in the wet season was negatively correlated with water temperature (p<0.05), and significantly positively correlated with ammonia nitrogen (${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N), nitrate nitrogen (${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N), total phosphorus (TP), etc. (p<0.01) in the dry season. The ecological risks showed significant seasonal and spatial variation. During the dry season, the sampling sites at Forest Park, Longtan Park, and Jinci Park showed markedly elevated potential ecological risk index (PERI) values owing to the accumulation of high-toxicity polymers (polyacrylonitrile and polyurethane), and the risk level could reach Ⅳ−Ⅴ. This study may provide valuable insights for the pollution status and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters in northern cities.

Key words: microplastics, landscape water, distribution characteristics, risk assessment, water quality parameters

CLC Number:

Tong ZHANG, Shulin KONG, Guanghan YAN, Minsheng HUANG, Yi YU, Yong’en CHEN, Ke LU. Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in urban landscape waters of Taiyuan City[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(1): 1-13.

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水体简称	景观水体	水体类型	补水水源	所在区 (县)
SLGY	森林公园水体	湖池型水体	自来水+本地降水	尖草坪区
LTGY	龙潭公园水体	湖池型水体	自来水+本地降水	杏花岭区
YZGY	迎泽公园水体	湖池型水体	自来水+本地降水	迎泽区
FHSDGY	汾河湿地公园水体	复合型水体 (拦坝河道+支渠+湖池)	污水厂尾水+本地降水+引黄水	尖草坪区
BHJYGY	滨河郊野公园水体	拦坝河道	污水厂尾水+本地降水	晋源区
JCGY	晋祠公园水体	湖池型水体	引黄水+本地降水	晋源区

塑料聚合物	危害评分	塑料聚合物	危害评分
聚丙烯 (Polypropylene, PP)	1	聚氨酯 (Polyurethane, PU)	7384
聚乙烯 (Polyethylene, PE)	11	聚乙烯醇 (Polyvinyl Alcohol, PVA)	1
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET)	4	聚丙烯酸 (Polyacrylic Acid, PAA)	230
聚丙烯-聚乙烯共聚物 (PP-PE)	12	聚丙烯腈 (Polyacrylonitrile, PAN)	11521
聚酰胺 (尼龙) (Polyamide, PA)	47	聚丙烯酸丁酯 (Polybutyl Acrylate, PBA)	–
人造丝 (Rayon, RY)	1

风险等级	PLI	PHI	PERI
Ⅰ	<10	<10	<150
Ⅱ	10~20	10~100	150~300
Ⅲ	20~30	100~1000	300~600
Ⅳ	≥30	≥1000	600~1200
Ⅴ			≥1200

点位	WT/ ℃	pH值	SD/ m	浊度/ NTU	DO/ (mg/L)	EC/ (mS/cm)	COD_Mn/ (mg/L)	TN/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N/ (mg/L)	TP/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P/ (mg/L)
SLGY	25.60	9.67	0.25	15.80	6.99	1.13	8.00	2.71	0.67	0.16	0.060	0.016
LTGY	27.30	9.04	0.25	12.35	5.26	0.73	5.19	3.80	0.96	0.23	0.066	0.017
YZGY	28.15	8.67	0.20	6.98	4.72	0.93	8.08	4.00	1.21	0.17	0.096	0.021
FHSDGY	27.30	8.38	0.32	16.49	5.84	1.44	5.92	3.77	1.07	0.43	0.091	0.035
BHJYGY	25.15	7.56	0.35	3.44	6.23	1.23	5.27	4.71	0.56	1.32	0.204	0.108
JCGY	26.25	9.19	0.30	12.28	8.69	1.43	6.97	2.74	1.09	0.23	0.048	0.012

点位	WT/ ℃	pH值	SD/ m	浊度/ NTU	DO/ (mg/L)	EC/ (mS/cm)	COD_Mn/ (mg/L)	TN/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $-N/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $-N/ (mg/L)	TP/ (mg/L)	${\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} $-P/ (mg/L)
SLGY	–1.25	9.12	0.90	2.98	5.52	0.42	4.71	3.69	0.16	0.20	0.050	0.014
LTGY	0.85	9.28	0.50	2.18	8.69	0.48	3.29	3.57	0.13	0.28	0.052	0.017
YZGY	0.15	9.23	0.50	4.09	7.78	0.57	5.43	3.71	0.18	0.21	0.057	0.019
FHSDGY	1.18	8.88	0.42	5.18	7.20	0.70	3.01	3.61	0.14	0.36	0.042	0.016
BHJYGY	–0.45	9.15	0.47	5.75	6.15	1.13	5.27	3.75	0.29	2.59	0.180	0.130
JCGY	–0.60	9.46	1.40	5.26	7.47	0.92	2.02	3.68	0.14	0.37	0.042	0.015